Cohomology, D-modules and singularities

这一建议支持了普渡大学乌利·瓦尔特教授在代数几何方面的研究。这一提议的主要焦点是奇点的研究。对于奇点(由一组多项式的零化定义)，人们可以附加几个不变量；这些不变量可以是离散型的(例如曲线在一点相交的分支的数目)，也可以是连续的(例如与奇点相切的所有向量场的空间)。如果考虑一族奇点，这种不变量的行为方式很有趣：一方面，在奇异族的特殊成员处，它们“跳跃”(即在某种意义上变得更大)，而在另一边，在族的典型成员附近，它们根据所谓的“超几何”微分方程变形。这个项目的一个组成部分是使用同调和组合方法研究超几何微分方程解的跳跃和解。提案的另一部分涉及通过微积分(Gauss-Manin连接和Bernstein-Sato多项式)、计数技术(Igusa Zeta函数)或变形(Milnor纤维的上同调)以及它们之间的相互作用来研究奇点的特定不变量。这项研究属于代数几何的广泛范畴，是当今数学中最多样化的领域之一。从根本上说，代数几何是研究由代数数据描述的几何对象，通过使用令人难以置信的广泛的数学工具对输入数据进行巧妙的操作。由于它的多样性，代数几何渗透到不同的科学分支，如机器人学、宇宙学和计算机加密。代数几何的起源可以追溯到欧几里得和毕达哥拉斯的作品。在其现代形式中，代数几何的重点是奇点。这些点包括尖点、折叠点和自交点，通常由与其相邻点相比不寻常的点组成。

This proposal supports the research in algebraic geometry of Professor Uli Walther of Purdue University. The main focus of this proposal is the study of singularities. To a singularity (defined by the vanishing of a set of polynomials) one may attach several invariants; these may be of discrete type (such as the number of branches of a curve meeting in a point) or of continuous nature (such as the space of all vector fields tangent to the singularity). If one considers a family of singularities, such invariants behave in interesting ways: on one side, at special members of the family they "jump" (i.e., get larger in some sense), while on the other side, near typical members of the family, they deform according to so-called "hypergeometric"differential equations. One component of this project investigates, using homological and combinatorial methods, jumps and solutions of the hypergeometric differential equations. The other part of the proposal is concerned with the study of specific invariants of singularities derived through either calculus (the Gauss--Manin connection and Bernstein--Sato polynomial), counting techniques (the Igusa zeta function), or deformations (cohomology of the Milnor fiber), and their interplay.This research falls into the broad category of algebraic geometry, one of the most variegated areas of today's mathematics. Fundamentally, algebraic geometry is the study of geometric objects described by algebraic data through artful manipulation of the input data using an incredibly wide array of mathematical tools. Because of its diversity, algebraic geometry permeates such different branches of science as robotics, cosmology, and computer encryption. The origins of algebraic geometry can be traced to the works of Euclid and Pythagoras. In its modern form, the focus of algebraic geometry is on singularities. These include cusps, foldings, and self-intersections, and are generally comprised of points that are unusual when compared to their neighbors.