Timing is everything: seasonality and phenological dynamics linking species, communities, and trophic feedbacks in the Low- vs. High Arctic

时机就是一切：季节性和物候动态将低北极与高北极的物种、群落和营养反馈联系起来

• 批准号: 0902125
• 负责人: Eric Post
• 金额: $ 36.31万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-01 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0902125&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Timing; everything; seasonality; phenological; dynamics

AbstractThis award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).Broad-scale investigations of the ecological consequences of changing climate and seasonality in the Arctic are imperative to improving our understanding the Arctic as a system. This understanding will, however, continue to elude us in the absence of studies of the responses to such changes of inter-connected biological components. This is a comprehensive investigation of ecological responses to changing seasonality at two rapidly warming sites in the Low- and High Arctic to address this need. This work links changing seasonality with the phenological dynamics of species, species dynamics with the phenological dynamics of communities, and community dynamics with species interactions across trophic levels. Abiotic changes associated with global climate change are occurring rapidly in the Arctic, and documentation of their rates, magnitudes, and spatial variation has received unparalleled focus. The documentation of observed biological and ecological consequences of such abiotic changes has received comparatively less attention, but one of the most common observations has been that of differential responses to warming among plant species and functional groups. These observations suggest that community- and inter-species level consequences of warming may be a common aspect of ecological response to warming throughout the Arctic. This effort will make a comparison of ecological rates of response to changing seasonality within and across plant species, across trophic levels between plants and herbivores (caribou and muskoxen), and through space and time within and between the Low- and High Arctic. This research will synthesize and continue the collection of long-term, spatially replicated data from Kangerlussuaq, West Greenland, and Zackenberg, Northeast Greenland, to address four aspects of ecological response to changing seasonality in the Arctic:I. How do rates of phenological change in response to changing seasonality in the Arctic vary among plant species, and between the Low- and High Arctic?II. How does the timing of herbivore activity respond to changing seasonality through time and space, and between the Low- and High Arctic?III. How does changing seasonality alter reciprocal interactions between the phenology of plants and herbivores?IV. What are the large-scale and proximal drivers of the observed changes, and do they differ between the Low- and High Arctic?This team will use 8 years of spatially-replicated data on the phenological dynamics of 31 plant species from Kangerlussuaq, and 13 years of spatially-replicated data on the phenological dynamics of 6 plant species at Zackenberg, in addition to 8 and 13 years of daily and weekly observations of caribou at Kangerlussuaq and muskoxen at both sites.

摘要本奖项由2009年美国复苏与再投资法案（公法111-5）资助。对北极气候变化和季节性变化的生态后果进行大规模调查，对于提高我们对北极作为一个系统的认识是必不可少的。然而，在缺乏对相互连接的生物成分对这种变化的反应的研究的情况下，这种理解将继续使我们无法理解。这是在低北极和高北极两个快速变暖的地点对季节性变化的生态反应进行的全面调查，以解决这一需求。这项工作将季节性变化与物种物候动态、物种物候动态与群落物候动态、群落动态与物种在营养水平上的相互作用联系起来。与全球气候变化相关的非生物变化正在北极迅速发生，对其速率、幅度和空间变化的记录受到了前所未有的关注。对观测到的这种非生物变化的生物和生态后果的记录得到的关注相对较少，但最常见的观察之一是植物物种和功能群对变暖的不同反应。这些观察结果表明，变暖的群落和物种间水平的后果可能是整个北极地区对变暖的生态反应的一个共同方面。这项工作将比较植物物种内部和物种之间、植物和食草动物（北美驯鹿和麝牛）之间的营养水平以及低北极和高北极内部和之间的空间和时间对季节性变化的生态反应率。本研究将综合并继续收集来自格陵兰岛西部Kangerlussuaq和格陵兰岛东北部Zackenberg的长期、空间复制数据，以解决北极生态对季节性变化的四个方面的响应：在不同的植物种类之间，以及在低北极和高北极之间，响应季节性变化的物候变化速率是如何变化的？2。食草动物活动的时间如何随着时间和空间的季节性变化而变化，以及在低北极和高北极之间？3。季节的变化如何改变植物和食草动物物候之间的相互作用？4 .观测到的变化的大尺度和近端驱动因素是什么？它们在低北极和高北极之间是否有所不同？该研究小组将利用8年来康克鲁斯瓦格31种植物物候动态的空间复制数据，以及13年来扎肯伯格6种植物物候动态的空间复制数据，以及8年和13年来康克鲁斯瓦格驯鹿和两个地点麝牛的每日和每周观测数据。