CNH: Coupled Natural-Human Systems and Emerging Infectious Diseases

CNH：自然-人类系统耦合与新出现的传染病

• 批准号: 0909410
• 负责人: Jefferson Fox
• 金额: $ 139.84万
• 依托单位: Center For Cultural&Tech Interchg East&West
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-01 至 2014-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0909410&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CNH; Coupled; Natural; Human; Systems

Previous research suggests that infectious disease outbreaks are associated with environmental changes such as urbanization, agricultural change, and natural habitat alterations that occur as societies evolve. Studying the role of societal development in disease transmission is urgent and critical for improving the prediction and control of disease. This project will examine how the outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in Vietnam varies across traditional settings (customary agricultural practices and housing), modern settings (agricultural modernization and industrial cities), and transitional settings (chaos of in-between). The objectives of this research are to: (1) test a model of relationships between human-caused environmental transformations and the emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases in Vietnam; (2) examine the influence of socio-ecological and socio-psychological variables on individuals' perceptions of and responses to the risk of HPAI in traditional, transitional, and modern communes; (3) integrate the research with education and training programs at the University of Hawaii, the East-West Center, and the Hanoi University of Agriculture in Vietnam; (4) establish new collaborations among scientists from multiple disciplines and among U.S. academic institutions, industry, government, and international partners from countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Because complexity is scale sensitive the project will collect and analyze data at national, commune, and household scales. The methods to be used include field observations, face-to-face interviews, geographical information systems, remote sensing, global positioning systems, and statistical tools. The project has significant theoretical, methodological, and practical implications. Developing basic principles and methods for understanding the complex interactions within and among natural and human systems at multiple spatial scales will help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the emergence of new and reemerging infectious diseases. The outputs will enhance the capabilities of researchers, practitioners, and policy makers at local, national, and regional levels. The work will provide useful insights for designing policies for preventing and managing infectious disease outbreaks in Vietnam and other developing nations. Several graduate students will be mentored and trained in this interdisciplinary research project.

以前的研究表明，传染病的爆发与环境变化有关，如城市化、农业变化和随着社会发展而发生的自然栖息地变化。研究社会发展在疾病传播中的作用对于改进疾病的预测和控制是紧迫和关键的。该项目将研究越南高致病性禽流感(HPAI)的爆发如何在传统环境(传统农业做法和住房)、现代环境(农业现代化和工业城市)和过渡环境(中间混乱)之间发生变化。这项研究的目的是：(1)检验人类造成的环境变化与越南传染病的出现和重新出现之间的关系模型；(2)检验社会生态和社会心理变量对传统公社、过渡公社和现代公社个人对HPAI风险的认知和反应的影响；(3)将研究与夏威夷大学、东西方中心和越南河内农业大学的教育和培训计划相结合；(4)在多个学科的科学家之间以及美国学术机构、行业、政府和亚太地区国家的国际合作伙伴之间建立新的合作关系。由于复杂性对规模敏感，该项目将收集和分析国家、社区和家庭规模的数据。将使用的方法包括实地观察、面对面访谈、地理信息系统、遥感、全球定位系统和统计工具。该项目具有重大的理论、方法和实践意义。发展基本原则和方法，在多个空间尺度上理解自然和人类系统内部和之间的复杂相互作用，将有助于阐明新出现和重新出现的传染病的潜在机制。这些成果将提高地方、国家和地区各级研究人员、从业人员和政策制定者的能力。这项工作将为设计预防和管理越南和其他发展中国家传染病爆发的政策提供有用的见解。几名研究生将在这个跨学科的研究项目中接受指导和培训。