Effect of a Small Amount of Melt on Diffusion and Deformation in Earth's Mantle
少量熔体对地幔扩散和变形的影响
基本信息
- 批准号:0910687
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 39.98万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2009
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2009-08-01 至 2013-07-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5). (a) Non-technical explanation of the project's broader significance and importance: Small amounts of melt that form deep beneath Earth?s surface rise slowly to feed volcanoes such as those observed in Iceland and Hawaii. As this melt moves upward through the Earth, it weakens the rocks through which it travels. The decrease in strength associated with the onset of melting significantly influences the extent of convection in partially molten regions, such as beneath mid-ocean ridges and in subduction zones, and thus the nature of plate tectonics and the style of volcanic eruptions along the boundaries between surface plates. The experiments described in this proposal are designed to develop a fundamental understanding of the role of a small amount of melt on the strength of mantle rocks which can be applied to important geological processes. The results of these experiments will provide the framework necessary for understanding the rate of transport of melt from depth to Earth?s surface. As melt finds its way to the surface, it transports heat and thus geothermal energy. As melt erupts at the surface, it generates earthquakes and thus causes destruction. Therefore, important long-range goals of our research are to provide the knowledge necessary to understand the rate of heat delivered to localities such as Iceland and the nature of earthquakes that occur in volcanically active regions of the Earth.(b) Technical description of the project: The goal of this research is to develop a fundamental understanding of the physical-chemical mechanisms and geophysical-geochemical implications of a small amount of melt (≲1 vol %) on the strength of mantle rocks. We are motivated by two recent results, one theoretical and one experimental: (1) A new model of creep of partially molten rocks predicts an increase in strength of a factor of ~10 if melt content is reduced from 1 to 0 vol %. (2) A recent set of experiments suggest that high-purity, melt-free aggregates of olivine are a factor of ~100 stronger than anticipated based on flow laws determined from laboratory experiments on impure samples with 1 vol % melt. Therefore, our experiments are designed to determine the influence of a small amount of melt, ≲1 vol %, versus the influence of grain boundary impurities on the strength of dunite rocks. An important question thus arises: ?What is the role of grain boundary chemistry versus the role of a small amount of triple junction melt on diffusion and deformation?? The answer to this question will profoundly influence extrapolation and application of results obtained from laboratory experiments to geodynamical and geochemical processes occurring in Earth?s mantle. Grain boundary creep will be investigated for a series of mantle samples (i) starting with high-purity, melt-free olivine, then (ii) progressing to olivine doped with basaltic composition impurities at low enough concentrations to avoid forming a melt phase, and finally (iii) moving to olivine doped with basalt at high enough concentrations to form a small amount of melt. Experiments will be carried out under well-controlled thermal-chemical-mechanical conditions at high P and T. Results will be analyzed using the recently developed constitutive relation for flow of melt-free and partially molten rocks. Microstructural and microchemical characterization of melt distribution and grain boundary chemistry will be performed using high-resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopy imaging and analytical techniques. Our results will impact understanding of chemical, mechanical, electrical and seismological properties of Earth?s upper mantle.
该奖项是根据2009年《美国复苏和再投资法案》(公法111-5)提供资金的。(A)对该项目更广泛的意义和重要性的非技术性解释:在地球深处形成的少量熔体?S地表缓慢上升,为冰岛和夏威夷观察到的火山提供燃料。当这种熔体在地球上向上移动时,它会削弱它所经过的岩石。与开始融化有关的强度降低显著影响了部分熔融区域的对流程度,例如在大洋中脊之下和俯冲带,从而影响了板块构造的性质和沿板块之间边界的火山喷发类型。这项建议中描述的实验旨在从根本上理解少量熔体对地幔岩石强度的作用,这可应用于重要的地质过程。这些实验的结果将为理解熔体从深处到地球表面的运移速率提供必要的框架-S。当熔体到达地表时,它会输送热量,从而传递地热能。当熔体在地表喷发时,它会产生地震,从而造成破坏。因此,我们研究的重要长期目标是提供必要的知识,以了解向冰岛等地传递热量的速度以及地球火山活跃区发生的地震的性质。(B)项目的技术说明:这项研究的目标是对少量熔融(&;#8818;1vol%)对地幔岩石强度的物理化学机制和地球物理-地球化学影响有一个基本的了解。我们的动机是最近的两个结果,一个是理论的,一个是实验的:(1)一个新的部分熔融岩石蠕变模型预测,如果熔体含量从1%降到0%,强度将增加约10倍。(2)最近的一系列实验表明,根据实验室对熔体体积分数为1%的不纯样品的流动规律确定的流动规律,高纯度、无熔体的橄榄石聚集体的倍数约为预期的100倍。因此,我们的实验旨在确定少量熔体对纯橄榄岩强度的影响,以及晶界杂质对纯橄榄岩强度的影响。因此,一个重要的问题出现了:晶界化学与少量三结熔体在扩散和变形中的作用是什么?这个问题的答案将深刻影响实验室实验结果对发生在地球上的地球动力学和地球化学过程--S地幔--的推断和应用。将对一系列地幔样品的晶界蠕变进行研究:(I)从高纯度的无熔体橄榄石开始,然后(Ii)在足够低的浓度下掺杂玄武岩成分杂质以避免形成熔体相,最后(Iii)在足够高的浓度下向橄榄石中掺杂玄武岩以形成少量熔体。实验将在高P和高T条件下控制良好的热-化学-机械条件下进行,结果将使用最近开发的无熔融和部分熔融岩石流动的本构关系进行分析。将使用高分辨率扫描和透射电子显微镜成像和分析技术,对熔体分布和晶界化学进行微观结构和微观化学表征。我们的结果将影响对地球上地幔S化学、力学、电学和地震学性质的理解。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
数据更新时间:{{ journalArticles.updateTime }}
{{
item.title }}
{{ item.translation_title }}
- DOI:
{{ item.doi }} - 发表时间:
{{ item.publish_year }} - 期刊:
- 影响因子:{{ item.factor }}
- 作者:
{{ item.authors }} - 通讯作者:
{{ item.author }}
数据更新时间:{{ journalArticles.updateTime }}
{{ item.title }}
- 作者:
{{ item.author }}
数据更新时间:{{ monograph.updateTime }}
{{ item.title }}
- 作者:
{{ item.author }}
数据更新时间:{{ sciAawards.updateTime }}
{{ item.title }}
- 作者:
{{ item.author }}
数据更新时间:{{ conferencePapers.updateTime }}
{{ item.title }}
- 作者:
{{ item.author }}
数据更新时间:{{ patent.updateTime }}
David Kohlstedt其他文献
David Kohlstedt的其他文献
{{
item.title }}
{{ item.translation_title }}
- DOI:
{{ item.doi }} - 发表时间:
{{ item.publish_year }} - 期刊:
- 影响因子:{{ item.factor }}
- 作者:
{{ item.authors }} - 通讯作者:
{{ item.author }}
{{ truncateString('David Kohlstedt', 18)}}的其他基金
How do viscosity contrasts affect patterns of deformation in multiphase rocks?
粘度对比如何影响多相岩石的变形模式?
- 批准号:
1755805 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 39.98万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
The Mervyn S. Paterson Deformation Apparatus Archival Collection
Mervyn S. Paterson 变形装置档案收藏
- 批准号:
1649412 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 39.98万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: An Experimental Investigation of Reactive Melt Channelization in Partially Molten Rocks
合作研究:部分熔融岩石中反应熔体通道化的实验研究
- 批准号:
1459717 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 39.98万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Melt segregation in a deforming partially molten rock - an experimental investigation of the consequences of viscous anisotropy
变形部分熔融岩石中的熔体偏析——粘性各向异性后果的实验研究
- 批准号:
1520647 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 39.98万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
CSEDI Collaborative Research: Electrical conductivity of deformed partially molten rocks: Implications for upper mantle structure and dynamics
CSEDI 合作研究:变形部分熔融岩石的电导率:对上地幔结构和动力学的影响
- 批准号:
1265428 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 39.98万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
How anisotropic is the viscosity of Earth's mantle?
地幔粘度的各向异性有多大?
- 批准号:
1214876 - 财政年份:2012
- 资助金额:
$ 39.98万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
An Experimental Study of Coupling between Stress-Driven and Reaction-Driven Melt Migration in Mantle Rocks
地幔岩石中应力驱动与反应驱动熔体运移耦合的实验研究
- 批准号:
1060983 - 财政年份:2011
- 资助金额:
$ 39.98万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Melt Segregation and Strain Localization in Response to Shear Deformation of Partially Molten Rocks, a Transition from Porous to Channelized Flow
部分熔融岩石剪切变形响应的熔体偏析和应变局部化,从多孔流到通道化流的转变
- 批准号:
0648020 - 财政年份:2007
- 资助金额:
$ 39.98万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Continued Investigation of Rheological Behavior of Clinopyroxene and Clinopyroxene-Olivine Aggregates Under Hydrous Conditions: Implications for Crustal and Mantle Dynamics
含水条件下单斜辉石和单斜辉石-橄榄石聚集体流变行为的继续研究:对地壳和地幔动力学的影响
- 批准号:
0439747 - 财政年份:2005
- 资助金额:
$ 39.98万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Chemistry and Structure of Grain and Phase Boundaries: Importance for Trace Element Storage and Transport in the Mantle
晶粒和相界的化学和结构:对地幔中微量元素储存和运输的重要性
- 批准号:
0409719 - 财政年份:2004
- 资助金额:
$ 39.98万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
相似国自然基金
昼夜节律性small RNA在血斑形成时间推断中的法医学应用研究
- 批准号:
- 批准年份:2024
- 资助金额:0.0 万元
- 项目类别:省市级项目
tRNA-derived small RNA上调YBX1/CCL5通路参与硼替佐米诱导慢性疼痛的机制研究
- 批准号:n/a
- 批准年份:2022
- 资助金额:10.0 万元
- 项目类别:省市级项目
Small RNA调控I-F型CRISPR-Cas适应性免疫性的应答及分子机制
- 批准号:32000033
- 批准年份:2020
- 资助金额:24.0 万元
- 项目类别:青年科学基金项目
Small RNAs调控解淀粉芽胞杆菌FZB42生防功能的机制研究
- 批准号:31972324
- 批准年份:2019
- 资助金额:58.0 万元
- 项目类别:面上项目
变异链球菌small RNAs连接LuxS密度感应与生物膜形成的机制研究
- 批准号:81900988
- 批准年份:2019
- 资助金额:21.0 万元
- 项目类别:青年科学基金项目
基于small RNA 测序技术解析鸽分泌鸽乳的分子机制
- 批准号:31802058
- 批准年份:2018
- 资助金额:26.0 万元
- 项目类别:青年科学基金项目
肠道细菌关键small RNAs在克罗恩病发生发展中的功能和作用机制
- 批准号:31870821
- 批准年份:2018
- 资助金额:56.0 万元
- 项目类别:面上项目
Small RNA介导的DNA甲基化调控的水稻草矮病毒致病机制
- 批准号:31772128
- 批准年份:2017
- 资助金额:60.0 万元
- 项目类别:面上项目
基于small RNA-seq的针灸治疗桥本甲状腺炎的免疫调控机制研究
- 批准号:81704176
- 批准年份:2017
- 资助金额:20.0 万元
- 项目类别:青年科学基金项目
水稻OsSGS3与OsHEN1调控small RNAs合成及其对抗病性的调节
- 批准号:91640114
- 批准年份:2016
- 资助金额:85.0 万元
- 项目类别:重大研究计划
相似海外基金
Development of innovative reactive fluoro resin particles using a small amount of surface functional groups and its hybrid functionalization
使用少量表面官能团开发创新型反应性氟树脂颗粒及其混合官能化
- 批准号:
23K04391 - 财政年份:2023
- 资助金额:
$ 39.98万 - 项目类别:
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
Development of method for long-read whole genome methylation analysis from small amount of DNA
开发从少量 DNA 进行长读长全基因组甲基化分析的方法
- 批准号:
21K15074 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 39.98万 - 项目类别:
Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists
Effect of deviator stress on polycrestal anelasticity at near solidus temperatures and seismological observability of very small amount of melt
偏应力对近固相线温度下多波峰滞弹性的影响及微量熔体地震可观测性
- 批准号:
20H02004 - 财政年份:2020
- 资助金额:
$ 39.98万 - 项目类别:
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
A novel property of redecing sugars on the reduction of racemization by chiral HPLC with a mobile phase containing a small amount of cyclodextrins
使用含有少量环糊精的流动相通过手性 HPLC 还原糖对减少外消旋化的新特性
- 批准号:
20K05944 - 财政年份:2020
- 资助金额:
$ 39.98万 - 项目类别:
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
Development and application of analytical method of a new cooperative structural change for a small amount of extracted proteins from target organisms
目标生物少量提取蛋白新型协同结构变化分析方法的开发及应用
- 批准号:
19K06604 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 39.98万 - 项目类别:
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
Study of a high resolution X-ray spectroscopic system towards exploration of a small amount of hydrate in "Hayabusa2" samples
研究高分辨率X射线光谱系统以探索“Hayabusa2”样品中的少量水合物
- 批准号:
19K23473 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 39.98万 - 项目类别:
Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Start-up
Developement of Alminum alloy having high specific strength and high electric conductivity by adding small amount of transition elements
添加少量过渡元素开发高比强度、高电导率铝合金
- 批准号:
19K05056 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 39.98万 - 项目类别:
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
High response control of air entrainment into unsteady spray combustion with a small amount of additives
用少量添加剂对非稳态喷雾燃烧中的空气夹带进行高响应控制
- 批准号:
19K04208 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 39.98万 - 项目类别:
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
Systematic analysis of a function and the role of the very small amount of metallic elements in the ovarian cancer patients
微量金属元素对卵巢癌患者的功能及作用的系统分析
- 批准号:
17K19588 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 39.98万 - 项目类别:
Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)
Establishment of innovative small light amount difference image sensor with linear response 100 million electron full well capacity
建立创新型线性响应1亿电子满阱容量小光量差图像传感器
- 批准号:
17H04921 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 39.98万 - 项目类别:
Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A)














{{item.name}}会员




