SBIR Phase I: Robust Adaptive Levitation Control Technologies for High Speed, High Power Energy Storage Flywheels

该小型企业创新研究第一阶段研究项目将开发先进的控制技术，使大型储能飞轮能够高速、高效地运行。一个新的飞轮概念？那个？能量戒指“？基于无轮毂转子的悬浮和控制的混合磁轴承已经开发。动力环的设计和零速悬浮已经过论证。空闲还是？旋转？损耗是一个关键的技术指标，因为它们直接影响装置的运行成本。轴承损失预计为系统中空转损失的20%。先进的控制系统可以通过精确监测和修改转子振动模式来减少这些损失，因为它们随着机器速度的变化而扫过频带。对各个振动模式中的能量进行模态控制将提供一个高效的系统，该系统仅从限制机器操作的那些模式中去除能量。先进的控制将允许多兆瓦的设备与闲置损失减少至少一个因素2。一种新的控制拓扑结构的磁轴承，集成了鲁棒控制理论，调制频率控制，在线系统识别，自适应控制，以创建一个可靠的能源效率的悬浮系统将被开发。电力研究所估计，电力波动和停电损失超过1000亿美元/年。这些问题中的大多数是断电、浪涌和仅持续几秒钟的骤降。功率环飞轮是一种经济有效的方法，通过将存储的能量注入电网以使系统通过干扰来维持电力系统稳定。它可以作为一种快速响应的能量存储设备，允许控制电网潮流和频率，并提高电网稳定性和电能质量/可靠性。飞轮比目前使用空转发电站（通常是燃煤发电站）为频率调节应用提供储备的方法效率更高，污染更少。飞轮具有更长的寿命，更低的维护成本，并且不包含有毒化学物质，就像用于电力质量应用的电池存储系统一样。飞轮的高功率密度和循环寿命使其成为再生运输应用的一项技术。该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。

This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I research project will develop advanced control techniques that will enable high-speed, high-efficiency operation of large-scale energy storage flywheels. A novel flywheel concept ? the ?Power Ring'' ? based on a hub-less rotor levitated and controlled by a hybrid magnetic bearing has been developed. The design and zero-speed levitation of the Power Ring have been demonstrated. Idle or ?spinning? losses are a key specification as they directly influence operational cost of the unit. Bearing losses are predicted to be 20% of the idle loss in the system. An advanced control system can reduce these losses by precisely monitoring and modifying the rotor vibrational modes as they sweep across the frequency band with changing machine speed. Modal control of the energy in individual vibration modes will give a highly efficient system that removes energy only from those modes that limit the machine operation. Advanced control will allow multi-megawatt devices with idle losses reduced by at least a factor of 2. A new control topology for the magnetic bearing that integrates robust control theory, modulated frequency control, on-line system identification, and adaptive control to create a reliable energy efficient levitation system will be developed.Electrical power quality problems have enormous economic impact. The Electric Power Research Institute estimates that power fluctuation and blackout losses exceed $100 billion/year. The majority of these problems are outages, surges, and sags lasting only a few seconds. The Power Ring flywheel is a cost effective method of maintaining power system stability by injecting stored energy back into the grid to carry the system through the disturbance. It can serve as a rapid-response energy storage device, allowing control of grid power flows and frequency, and enhancing grid stability and power quality/reliability. Flywheels are more efficient and less polluting than the current method of using idling power stations (typically coal-fired) to provide reserve for frequency regulation applications. Flywheels have a longer life, lower maintenance cost, and do not contain toxic chemicals as do battery storage systems for power quality applications. The high power density and cycle life of flywheels makes them an enabling technology for regenerative transportation applications. This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).