SBIR Phase I: Robust Adaptive Levitation Control Technologies for High Speed, High Power Energy Storage Flywheels

这个小型企业创新研究第一阶段的研究项目将开发先进的控制技术，使大型储能飞轮能够高速、高效地运行。一个新颖的飞轮概念？的吗?“力量戒指”？研制了一种基于混合磁轴承悬浮控制的无轮毂转子。对动力环的设计和零速度悬浮进行了论证。空转还是旋转？损耗是一个关键指标，因为它们直接影响到机组的运行成本。轴承损耗预计为系统闲置损耗的20%。先进的控制系统可以通过精确监测和修改转子振动模式来减少这些损失，因为它们会随着机器速度的变化而席卷整个频带。单个振动模态的能量模态控制将提供一个高效的系统，只从那些限制机器运行的模态中去除能量。先进的控制将使多兆瓦设备的闲置损耗至少减少2倍。将开发一种新的磁轴承控制拓扑，该拓扑集成了鲁棒控制理论、调制频率控制、在线系统识别和自适应控制，以创建可靠的节能悬浮系统。电力质量问题具有巨大的经济影响。美国电力研究所估计，电力波动和停电造成的损失每年超过1000亿美元。这些问题中的大多数是仅持续几秒钟的中断、浪涌和宕机。动力环飞轮是一种经济有效的维持电力系统稳定的方法，它将储存的能量注入电网，使系统经受住扰动。它可以作为一种快速响应的储能装置，可以控制电网的潮流和频率，提高电网的稳定性和电能质量/可靠性。飞轮比目前使用空转电站（通常是燃煤电厂）为频率调节应用提供储备的方法效率更高，污染更少。飞轮具有更长的寿命，更低的维护成本，并且不含有有毒化学物质，因为电池存储系统用于电能质量应用。飞轮的高功率密度和循环寿命使它们成为再生运输应用的使能技术。该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。

This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I research project will develop advanced control techniques that will enable high-speed, high-efficiency operation of large-scale energy storage flywheels. A novel flywheel concept ? the ?Power Ring'' ? based on a hub-less rotor levitated and controlled by a hybrid magnetic bearing has been developed. The design and zero-speed levitation of the Power Ring have been demonstrated. Idle or ?spinning? losses are a key specification as they directly influence operational cost of the unit. Bearing losses are predicted to be 20% of the idle loss in the system. An advanced control system can reduce these losses by precisely monitoring and modifying the rotor vibrational modes as they sweep across the frequency band with changing machine speed. Modal control of the energy in individual vibration modes will give a highly efficient system that removes energy only from those modes that limit the machine operation. Advanced control will allow multi-megawatt devices with idle losses reduced by at least a factor of 2. A new control topology for the magnetic bearing that integrates robust control theory, modulated frequency control, on-line system identification, and adaptive control to create a reliable energy efficient levitation system will be developed.Electrical power quality problems have enormous economic impact. The Electric Power Research Institute estimates that power fluctuation and blackout losses exceed $100 billion/year. The majority of these problems are outages, surges, and sags lasting only a few seconds. The Power Ring flywheel is a cost effective method of maintaining power system stability by injecting stored energy back into the grid to carry the system through the disturbance. It can serve as a rapid-response energy storage device, allowing control of grid power flows and frequency, and enhancing grid stability and power quality/reliability. Flywheels are more efficient and less polluting than the current method of using idling power stations (typically coal-fired) to provide reserve for frequency regulation applications. Flywheels have a longer life, lower maintenance cost, and do not contain toxic chemicals as do battery storage systems for power quality applications. The high power density and cycle life of flywheels makes them an enabling technology for regenerative transportation applications. This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).