Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Urban History and Political Complexity in First Millennium CE Thailand: The Kamphaeng Saen Documentation Project

在Carla Sinopoli博士的指导下，Matthew Garon先生将在泰国中部第一个千年防御工事城镇Kamphaeng Saen进行考古调查和发掘。Kamphaeng Saen位于泰国第一个国家Dvaravati王国(公元7-10世纪)的中心地带。这个鲜为人知的王国位于东亚和印度次大陆之间早期长途贸易路线的十字路口。Dvaravati王国的发展与泰国中部城镇的数量和规模的增加相吻合。然而，Dvaravati王国的发展和泰国中部城市主义的蔓延之间的关系仍然不清楚。加仑将通过研究Dvaravati镇Kamphaeng Saen的大小、组织和功能的变化如何与Dvaravati王国的兴衰相对应来研究这种关系。古代世界的城市中心展示了广泛的形式和功能。一些城市中心是高度专业化的仪式中心、手工艺品生产中心或军事要塞。或者，一些城镇具有更广泛的功能，是各种不同生产和仪式活动的所在地。不同民族和社会阶层的人口密度和数量也在城市中心之间有所不同。一个城市中心的特征在多大程度上因控制它的政治当局的实力和目标而不同，目前尚不清楚。这个项目将调查卡法翁·萨恩是如何随着德拉瓦提王国的发展和衰落而改变的。加仑将收集在Kamphaeng Saen的纪念碑、工艺生产碎片和家居物品的空间分布证据。这些不同类别的证据将使他能够评估遗址规模、人口密度、生产活动范围、社会不平等程度以及对定居点古迹的投资随着时间的推移发生了怎样的变化。最后，加仑将把Kamphaeng Saen与邻近的城市中心进行比较，以确定泰国中部的城市变化是否存在与Dvaravati王国的兴衰相对应的一般模式。除了它的智力意义外，该项目还将产生几个更广泛的社会影响。项目期间收集的数据将为加仑的博士论文提供基础，以及将在会议上提交并在同行评议期刊上发表的几篇论文。该项目还将培训来自曼谷Silpakorn大学的两名泰国硕士研究生，内容涉及考古研究、设计和实地方法。Kamphaeng Saen古镇目前是一个童子军营地。加仑将为感兴趣的童子军团体提供演示和现场参观。同样，当地的Kamphaeng Saen学校团体也将被邀请参观遗址和挖掘。该项目将通过现场的“开放日”吸引公众参与。该项目完成后，将在Kamphaeng Saen寺院博物馆安装一个小型展览，并附上泰文-英文出版物。这些公众宣传工作旨在提高当地社区对其丰富的文化遗产的认识，以及保护作为旅游景点的潜在发展的古代聚落的重要性。

Under the direction of Dr. Carla Sinopoli, Mr. Matthew Gallon will conduct archaeological survey and excavation at the first millennium AD fortified town of Kamphaeng Saen in central Thailand. Kamphaeng Saen is located in the heartland of Thailand's first state, the Dvaravati kingdom (7th-10th century AD). This poorly understood kingdom was located at the crossroads of the early long-distance trade routes between East Asia and the Indian subcontinent. The development of the Dvaravati kingdom coincided with an increase in the number and the size of towns and cities in central Thailand. However, the relationship between the development of the Dvaravati kingdom and the spread of urbanism in central Thailand remains unclear. Gallon will investigate this relationship by examining how changes in the size, organization, and function of a Dvaravati town, Kamphaeng Saen, corresponded to the rise and fall of the Dvaravati kingdom.The urban centers of the ancient world exhibit a wide range of forms and functions. Some urban centers were highly specialized ceremonial centers, craft production centers, or military garrisons. Alternatively, some towns and cities had more generalized functions and were home to a wide range of different production and ceremonial activities. The population density and number of different ethnic groups and social classes also differed between urban centers. The extent to which the characteristics of an urban center varied in response to the strength and goals of the political authorities that controlled it remains unclear. This project will investigate how Kamphaeng Saen changed in response to the development and decline of the Dvaravati kingdom. Gallon will collect evidence of the spatial distribution of monuments, craft production debris, and household objects at Kamphaeng Saen. These different categories of evidence will enable him to assess how the site size, population density, range of production activities, level of social inequality, and investment in monuments changed over time at the settlement. Finally, Gallon will compare Kamphaeng Saen to neighboring urban centers to determine if there is a general pattern of urban change in central Thailand that corresponds to the rise and fall of the Dvaravati kingdom. In addition to its intellectual significance, the project will have several broader social impacts. Data collected during the project will provide the basis for Gallon's doctoral dissertation, as well as several papers to be presented at conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. The project will also train two Thai M.A. students from Silpakorn University (Bangkok) in archaeological research design and field methods. The ancient town of Kamphaeng Saen is currently a scout camp. Gallon will give presentations and site tours to interested scout groups. Similarly, the local Kamphaeng Saen school groups will also be invited to tour the site and excavations. The project will engage the general public through an "open house" day at the site. After completion of the project a small exhibit will be installed at the Kamphaeng Saen monastery museum with an accompanying Thai-English publication. These public outreach efforts are designed to increase the local community's awareness of its rich cultural heritage and the importance of protecting ancient settlements for potential development as tourist attractions.