Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Mumun Households and the Rise of Inequality in Korea

在Dr. Carla Sinopoli的指导下，Ji Rachel Lee将研究在木门时期（公元前1780-350 cal. bc）早期等级是如何影响家庭的。韩国。在过去的20年里，打捞挖掘已经发现了韩国最早的一些村庄，但人们对韩国社会政治复杂性的发展才刚刚开始了解。木门时期发生了重大变化，包括向集约农业的转变，手工业生产的增加，以及更精细的墓葬，这使得学者们得出结论，到木门中期（公元前850-540年），社会不平等已经发展起来。茅屋也发生了变化，即从长而矩形的房子转变为小而圆的房子，这标志着家庭组织的转变。然而，在这一重要的社会政治发展时期，没有解释木门家庭的框架。韩国中南部的南江流域是研究这些问题的理想场所，这里有最大的定居点大平，有300多个武门碉堡。该项目将通过挖掘、土壤分析、空间分析等方法，通过家庭形态、家庭活动、家庭思想等3个分析领域，对大平村和平土洞、草田洞等2个较小的定居地的家庭之间的变化和连续性进行评价。这项研究将提供一个独特的视角，通过最持久的社会形态之一——家庭——来观察社会不平等是如何发展的。除了填补东亚人类学和考古记录的数据缺口之外，该项目还将通过记录在多个时空尺度上变得不平等的过程，为原创研究做出贡献。通过近1000年的木门时期的占领，家庭的变化和连续性将被检查。除了这个时间轴，我还将研究早期排名如何影响精英和非精英背景下的家庭。因此，本项目将提供关于家庭演变的多个视角——(1)等级出现之前，(2)等级出现之后，(3)精英语境，(4)非精英语境，(5)大村落聚落，(6)小村落聚落。通过与韩国文化资源管理公司的研究合作，该项目将为韩国考古学家提供微观形态学和微观人工制品分析方面的培训，并提供在快节奏的打捞考古背景下获得详细家庭数据的方法。该项目还将有助于对韩国考古学家进行地理信息系统（GIS）方面的培训，帮助以更快、更有效的方式存储和管理数据。最后，将把300多个茅屋的家庭资料整理成GIS，并与对木门时期家庭研究感兴趣的韩国考古学家分享。

Under the direction of Dr. Carla Sinopoli, Ji Rachel Lee will examine how incipient rank affected households in Mumun Period (1780-350 cal. B.C.) Korea. Salvage excavations in the last 20 years have uncovered some of Korea's earliest villages, but the development of sociopolitical complexity in Korea is just beginning to be understood. Significant changes occurred during the Mumun Period, including a shift to intensive agriculture, an increase in craft production, and more elaborate burials, leading scholars to conclude that social inequality had developed by the Middle Mumun Period (850-540 cal. B.C.). Changes in pithouses also occurred, namely the transition from long, rectangular houses to small, rounded houses, signaling a shift in household organization. However, no explanatory framework exists for Mumun households during this period of important sociopolitical developments. The Nam River Valley in south-central Korea is ideal for examining these issues, with the largest settlement, Daepyeong, yielding more than 300 Mumun pithouses. Through excavations, soil analysis, and spatial analysis, this project will evaluate whether incipient ranking initiated change or promoted continuity among households at Daepyeong and two smaller settlements - Pyeonggeo-dong and Chojeon-dong via three analytical spheres: household morphology, household activity, and household ideology. The research will provide a unique look at how social inequality develops through the lens of one of the most enduring social formations -the household. Beyond just closing a data gap in the East Asian anthropological and archaeological record, this project will contribute research that is original by documenting the process of becoming unequal at multiple temporal and spatial scales. Household change and continuity through almost 1,000 years of Mumun Period occupation will be examined. Added to this temporal axis, I will also examine how incipient rank affected households from both elite and non-elite contexts. This project will thus provide multiple perspectives on household evolution - (1) before the emergence of rank, (2) after the emergence of rank, (3) elite contexts, (4) non-elite contexts, (5) large village settlement, and (6) small village settlement. Through research partnerships with Korean cultural resource management companies, this project will provide training to Korean archaeologists in micromorphology and micro-artifact analysis, offering ways in which detailed household data can be obtained even within the context of fast-paced salvage archaeology. This project will also be instrumental in training Korean archaeologists in Geographic Information Systems (GIS), helping to facilitate a faster and more efficient way data can be stored and managed. Finally, household data from more than 300 pithouses will be organized in a GIS and shared with Korean archaeologists who are interested in Mumun Period household research.