Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Mumun Households and the Rise of Inequality in Korea

博士论文改进补助金：无门家庭和韩国不平等现象的加剧

• 批准号: 1341211
• 负责人: Carla Sinopoli
• 金额: $ 2.52万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-15 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1341211&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Mumun

Under the direction of Dr. Carla Sinopoli, Ji Rachel Lee will examine how incipient rank affected households in Mumun Period (1780-350 cal. B.C.) Korea. Salvage excavations in the last 20 years have uncovered some of Korea's earliest villages, but the development of sociopolitical complexity in Korea is just beginning to be understood. Significant changes occurred during the Mumun Period, including a shift to intensive agriculture, an increase in craft production, and more elaborate burials, leading scholars to conclude that social inequality had developed by the Middle Mumun Period (850-540 cal. B.C.). Changes in pithouses also occurred, namely the transition from long, rectangular houses to small, rounded houses, signaling a shift in household organization. However, no explanatory framework exists for Mumun households during this period of important sociopolitical developments. The Nam River Valley in south-central Korea is ideal for examining these issues, with the largest settlement, Daepyeong, yielding more than 300 Mumun pithouses. Through excavations, soil analysis, and spatial analysis, this project will evaluate whether incipient ranking initiated change or promoted continuity among households at Daepyeong and two smaller settlements - Pyeonggeo-dong and Chojeon-dong via three analytical spheres: household morphology, household activity, and household ideology. The research will provide a unique look at how social inequality develops through the lens of one of the most enduring social formations -the household. Beyond just closing a data gap in the East Asian anthropological and archaeological record, this project will contribute research that is original by documenting the process of becoming unequal at multiple temporal and spatial scales. Household change and continuity through almost 1,000 years of Mumun Period occupation will be examined. Added to this temporal axis, I will also examine how incipient rank affected households from both elite and non-elite contexts. This project will thus provide multiple perspectives on household evolution - (1) before the emergence of rank, (2) after the emergence of rank, (3) elite contexts, (4) non-elite contexts, (5) large village settlement, and (6) small village settlement. Through research partnerships with Korean cultural resource management companies, this project will provide training to Korean archaeologists in micromorphology and micro-artifact analysis, offering ways in which detailed household data can be obtained even within the context of fast-paced salvage archaeology. This project will also be instrumental in training Korean archaeologists in Geographic Information Systems (GIS), helping to facilitate a faster and more efficient way data can be stored and managed. Finally, household data from more than 300 pithouses will be organized in a GIS and shared with Korean archaeologists who are interested in Mumun Period household research.

在卡拉·西诺波利博士的指导下，吉·雷切尔·李将研究早期等级如何影响韩国无文时期（公元前 1780-350 年）的家庭。 过去 20 年的抢救发掘发现了韩国一些最早的村庄，但韩国社会政治复杂性的发展才刚刚开始为人们所了解。 穆蒙时期发生了重大变化，包括向集约型农业的转变、手工业生产的增加以及更加精致的墓葬，导致学者们得出结论，社会不平等在穆蒙时期中期（公元前 850-540 年）已经形成。 坑室也发生了变化，即从长方形房屋转变为小圆形房屋，标志着家庭组织的转变。然而，在这一重要的社会政治发展时期，Mumun 家庭不存在任何解释框架。 韩国中南部的南江流域是研究这些问题的理想场所，最大的定居点大平有 300 多个木门坑。 通过挖掘、土壤分析和空间分析，该项目将通过三个分析领域：家庭形态、家庭活动和家庭意识形态，评估早期排名是否引发了大平和两个较小聚居区（平居洞和草田洞）家庭之间的变化或促进了连续性。该研究将从最持久的社会形态之一——家庭的角度，对社会不平等如何发展提供独特的视角。除了缩小东亚人类学和考古记录中的数据差距之外，该项目还将通过记录多个时间和空间尺度上不平等的过程来贡献原创研究。 近 1000 年无文时期占领期间的家庭变迁和连续性将受到审视。 除了这个时间轴之外，我还将研究早期的排名如何影响精英和非精英背景的家庭。 因此，本项目将提供家庭演变的多个视角——（1）等级出现之前，（2）等级出现之后，（3）精英背景，（4）非精英背景，（5）大村庄聚落，（6）小村庄聚落。 通过与韩国文化资源管理公司的研究合作，该项目将为韩国考古学家提供微观形态学和微观文物分析方面的培训，提供即使在快节奏的抢救考古背景下也可以获得详细家庭数据的方法。 该项目还将有助于对韩国考古学家进行地理信息系统（GIS）方面的培训，帮助促进更快、更有效的数据存储和管理方式。 最后，来自 300 多个坑室的家庭数据将在 GIS 中组织，并与对无文时期家庭研究感兴趣的韩国考古学家共享。