Treaties, Institutions & Torture: Theoretical and Empirical Inquiry

条约、机构

• 批准号: 0921397
• 负责人: Will Moore
• 金额: $ 17.31万
• 依托单位: Florida State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0921397&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Treaties; Institutions; & Torture; Theoretical

"This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5)."Scholarly inquiry on government's use of torture against detainees held by the government has focused primarily on ethical questions and medical/pyschological inquiries. Recently, however, two datasets have been released that systematically code the extent to which governments in different countries throughout the world use torture against detainees in their control. This has led to scientific inquiries into the impact of international law, political regime types, and other characteristics of economies and societies upon government's use of torture.Unfortunately, however, the questions one can explore with these data are rather limited. This project substantially expands the questions social scientists can explore. To expand the questions about torture that can be studied scientifically, this project codes data on four concepts: Incidence, Perpetrators, Motive, and Judicial Response. Amnesty International documents are analyzed over the years 1990-2007. In addition, data is collected on the Magnitude of victims, the Type of torture, the Perpetrator (i.e., the responsible government bureaucracy), and whether there was a Judicial Response to the allegation.The data we propose to collect will allow us to execute three distinct studies of the covariates of different dimensions of alleged torture. Those studies will address three questions:1. Are the Scope of torture victims, and Types of torture used, influenced by the same domestic and international factors that have been shown to influence the Magnitude of torture victims?2. What leads states to terminate \spells" of torture (where \spells" are defined over Magnitude, Type, and Perpetrator)?3. What increases the likelihood that the state responds to an allegation of torture with a Judicial inquiry, and in some of those cases, prosecution?In addition to producing original scholarship the proposed research will generate a valuable new database that we will make available for free download via the World Wide Web. The project will thus directly inject social scientific work into the global discussion about torture, and will also facilitate other social scientists joining the conversation.

“该裁决是根据2009年的《美国复苏与重新投资法》（公法111-5）资助的。”关于政府对政府持有的遭受拘留者的酷刑进行了学术询问，主要集中于道德问题和医学/皮学研究。然而，最近，已经发布了两个数据集，这些数据集系统地编码了全世界不同国家 /地区政府在他们控制中对被拘留者使用酷刑的程度。 这导致了对国际法，政治制度类型的影响以及经济和社会对政府使用酷刑的影响的影响的科学询问。但是，不幸的是，人们可以通过这些数据进行探讨的问题是相当有限的。该项目大大扩展了社会科学家可以探索的问题。为了扩大有关酷刑的问题，可以科学地研究，该项目编码四个概念：发病率，肇事者，动机和司法反应。在1990 - 2007年间，大赦国际文件进行了分析。此外，还收集了有关受害者的规模，酷刑类型，肇事者的类型（即负责的政府官僚机构），以及是否对指控有司法反应。我们建议收集的数据将使我们能够对遭受折磨的不同方面进行三个不同的研究。这些研究将解决三个问题：1。酷刑受害者的范围以及所使用的酷刑类型是否受同样的国内和国际因素的影响，这些因素已被证明会影响酷刑受害者的严重性？2。哪些导致状态终止\咒语“酷刑（\ spells”是按大小，类型和肇事者定义的）？3。是什么可能增加国家对司法询问的酷刑指控做出回应的可能性，在其中一些情况下，起诉？除了产生原始奖学金外，拟议的研究还将产生一个有价值的新数据库，我们将通过万维网免费下载。因此，该项目将直接将社会科学工作注入有关酷刑的全球讨论中，还将促进其他社会科学家参加对话。