CAREER: Urban Land-Use Change in Asia

将地球陆地表面转变为城市用途是人类对全球生物圈和地球作为一个系统的运作产生的最深刻影响之一。了解社会和城市土地利用变化之间的基本结构、因果关系和反馈互动对可持续性和人类福祉至关重要。 该学院早期职业发展（CAREER）奖将资助旨在促进我们对城市化的空间和时间模式，城市土地利用变化的人口，社会制度和经济政治原因的理解的研究，以及城市土地利用变化对这些过程的反馈。在PI已经建立的比较框架的基础上，该项目将使用中国和越南的多个研究中心作为观察实验室。 这两个国家最近的政治和经济改革刺激了令人印象深刻的经济增长率，在短短几十年内，已经将几个世纪以来一直用于农业的土地转变为新的城市地区。 该研究将评估当代中国和越南城市的城市土地利用变化，作为政府政策，人口变化，经济因素，投资和地方机构之间动态相互作用的结果。首先，在这两个国家基于地点的案例研究将被用来测试长期持有的假设城市土地转换的根本原因。 第二，这些研究将被用来开发跨领域的主题和更一般的理论，社会经济，政治和经济过程和城市土地利用变化之间的相互作用。第三，将评估这些跨时间和空间的相互作用的强度，最终目标是提供一个关于土地利用变化的人为驱动因素的新范式，解决社会和生物物理过程的复杂性和反馈问题。将通过卫星遥感分析，结合深入访谈和档案研究，调查城市土地使用变化的空间和时间模式，以构建土地使用历史。城市土地利用变化的原因，后果和反馈将通过研究人口迁移，经济因素，产权和政策改革来探索。该研究将分析人口普查数据，家庭信息，深入访谈和来自多个行政单位的国家纲要的经济数据。 这些目标的主要意义在于确定多种社会进程的趋势和影响及其在城市土地转换中的作用;发展对正在进行的社会和生物物理转变及其相互作用点的跨尺度理解;发展超越个案研究的土地利用变化过程理论。该项目的三个教育目标是通过暑期研究机会与当地学校开展外联方案，开发一个关于亚洲城市化的教学模块，可与PI已经制作的纪录片结合使用，以及开发和实施一个新的跨校园GIS课程。 该项目将为传统上在多个学术水平的科学领域代表性不足的学生提供独特的学习和研究机会。这些学生社区的参与将通过与当地一所为低收入和弱势青年提供服务的学校开展外联和辅导方案，并通过斯坦福大学积极招生来扩大。

The conversion of Earth's land surface to urban uses is one of the most profound human impacts on the global biosphere and the functioning of Earth as a system. Understanding the underlying structure, causal relationship, and feedback interactions between society and urban land-use change is critical for sustainability and human well-being. This Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) award will fund research that seeks to advance our understanding of the spatial and temporal patterns of urbanization, the demographic, social-institutional, and economic-political causes of urban land-use change, and the feedbacks of urban land-use change on these processes. Building on a comparative framework already established by the PI, this project will use multiple study sites in China and Vietnam as observational laboratories. Recent political and economic reforms in both countries have spurred impressive rates of economic growth which, in only a few decades, have transformed to new urban areas land that had been dedicated to agriculture for centuries. The research will evaluate urban land-use change in contemporary Chinese and Vietnamese cities as an outcome of the dynamic interaction among government policies, population changes, economic factors, investments and local institutions. First, place-based case studies in both countries will be used to test long-held hypotheses about the fundamental causes of urban land conversion. Second, these studies will be used to develop cross-cutting themes and more general theories regarding the interaction among socioeconomic, political, and economic process and urban land-use change. Third, the strength of these interactions across time and space will be evaluated with the ultimate goal of offering a new paradigm about the human drivers of land-use change that addresses the complexities and feedbacks of social and biophysical processes. The spatial and temporal patterns of urban land-use change will be investigated through satellite remote sensing analysis combined with in-depth interviews and archival research to construct land-use histories. The causes, consequences, and feedbacks of urban land-use change will be explored by examining population migration, economic factors, property rights, and policy reforms. The research will analyze census data, household information, in-depth interviews, and economic data from national compendiums at multiple administrative units. The primary significance of these objectives lies in identifying trends and impacts of multiple social processes and their roles in urban land conversion; developing a cross-scale understanding of the social and biophysical transitions underway and the points at which they interact; and developing theories of land-use change processes beyond individual case studies. The three educational objectives of the project are to initiate an outreach program with a local school through summer research opportunities, to develop a teaching module on urbanization in Asia that can be used in conjunction with a documentary film that the PI already has created, and to develop and implement a new cross-campus GIS course. The project will offer unique learning and research opportunities for students who are traditionally underrepresented in the sciences across multiple academic levels. The participation of these student communities will be broadened through an outreach and mentorship program with a local school that serves low-income and disadvantaged youths and through active student recruitment at Stanford.