Workshop on Transitions in Human Social Organization

人类社会组织变迁研讨会

• 批准号: 0938505
• 负责人: Peter Whiteley
• 金额: $ 2.05万
• 依托单位: American Museum Natural History
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-15 至 2011-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0938505&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Workshop; Transitions; Human; Social; Organization

Dr. Peter Whiteley (Anthropology Division, American Museum of Natural History, New York) will convene an Advanced Seminar Workshop at The Amerind Foundation (Dragoon, Arizona) on significant new advances in the cross-cultural study of kinship and marriage systems. Co-chaired by Prof. Maurice Godelier (École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris), the workshop will bring together researchers from Australia, Brazil, Europe, and the United States. Prior to the emergence of the state, all human social ties, including economic and political connections, were based on kinship and marriage. Therefore, explaining how societies organized these relationships is important for understanding patterns of human social formation, evolution, and adaptation. Seminar participants include global leaders in kinship and social theory. Their respective regional concentrations include Native North America, Lowland Amazonia, sub-Saharan Africa, Papua New Guinea, Australia, South Asia, and Indonesia. Participants will present papers for critique and discussion over five days. A particular focus will be Crow-Omaha kinship systems, an apparently pivotal transitional type that has long puzzled anthropologists. By sustained, multi-faceted, collaborative analysis, the workshop seeks to explain the causes and consequences of these important systems. Under what social, political, and adaptive circumstances do they arise, persist, and/or transition into other systems? What is the role of demography, of linguistic relations, of geography? Do they provide comparative adaptive advantages over other systems? What are their effects, if any, on other aspects of societal form? The reciprocal aim is also to assess differing approaches (e.g., linguistic, formalist, historical, substantialist) to the study and analysis of kinship systems. The results of this workshop, which will be published by the University of Arizona Press and thus widely available, will enable scientists to better explain the associations of kinship systems with other behavioral phenomena. This promises significant advances in the understanding of all human kinship systems through time and across cultures and languages. The seminar also seeks to demonstrate the renewed value of kinship-system analysis for the comparative explanation of human social formations.

Peter Whiteley博士（人类学部，美国自然历史博物馆，纽约）将在Amerind基金会（龙骑兵，亚利桑那州）召开一次高级研讨会，讨论亲属关系和婚姻制度跨文化研究的重大新进展。 研讨会由Maurice Godelier教授（巴黎社会科学高等研究学院）共同主持，将汇集来自澳大利亚、巴西、欧洲和美国的研究人员。在国家出现之前，人类的所有社会联系，包括经济和政治联系，都建立在亲属关系和婚姻的基础上。因此，解释社会如何组织这些关系对于理解人类社会形成，进化和适应的模式非常重要。研讨会的参与者包括全球领导人在亲属关系和社会理论。它们各自的区域集中地包括北美原住民、低地亚马逊、撒哈拉以南非洲、巴布亚新几内亚、澳大利亚、南亚和印度尼西亚。与会者将在五天内提交论文进行评论和讨论。一个特别的焦点将是克劳-奥马哈亲属系统，一个显然是关键的过渡类型，长期以来一直困扰着人类学家。通过持续的、多方面的、合作的分析，研讨会试图解释这些重要系统的原因和后果。在什么样的社会、政治和适应性环境下，它们产生、持续存在和/或过渡到其他系统？人口统计学、语言关系、地理学的作用是什么？与其他系统相比，它们是否具有相对的适应优势？它们对社会形式的其他方面有何影响？相互的目的也是评估不同的方法（例如，语言学，形式主义，历史，实体主义）的亲属制度的研究和分析。这次研讨会的结果将由亚利桑那大学出版社出版，因此可以广泛使用，这将使科学家能够更好地解释亲属系统与其他行为现象的关联。这预示着对所有人类亲属系统的理解将在时间和文化和语言上取得重大进展。研讨会还试图证明亲属系统分析的比较解释人类社会形态的新价值。