EAGER: Layered Nanotube Composite Electrodes for Energy Storage

EAGER：用于储能的层状纳米管复合电极

• 批准号: 0938842
• 负责人: Jodie Lutkenhaus
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Yale University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-11-01 至 2011-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0938842&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; Layered; Nanotube; Composite; Electrodes

0938842LutkenhausThis award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).This research will investigate electrochemical processes occurring within proof of concept nanostructured electrodes created using an integrated approach consisting of layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technique and nanotemplating. The proof-of-concept electrodes will contain annular layers of lithium battery intercalation cathode material, ion conducting polymer, and electron conducting polymer within a nanotube geometry. LbL assembly is the sequential adsorption of oppositely charged species to a substrate (in this case, a nanoporous template). The combined processing techniques impart a hierarchical structure where materials properties and three-dimensional geometry at multiple length scales can be finely controlled. Such a design is expected to produce shorter reaction-diffusion path-lengths, increased surface area, and increased electrode utilization relative to planar LbL film electrodes. The resulting nanostructured cathode will represent a breakthrough in specific energy, power density, and stability relative to conventional, planar electrodes. Thus, the research will contribute not only to scientific understanding of electrochemical processes in nanostructured electrodes, but to the continued development of effective energy storage media.Intellectual Merit: Smaller, lighter, energy dense power sources are desired for small-scale applications such as portable electronics and miroelectromechanical systems. A great challenge is to create a power source smaller than the device to be powered; this is especially important as the application approaches the micro- to nanoscale. A long term goal of the PI?s lab is to create micro- to nanoscale power sources from the directed assembly of hard and soft materials. As a preliminary effort, this EAGER project targets the creation of a proof-of-concept cathode, where nanotube arrays act as small-scale cathode ?forests?. Initial challenges include the directed adsorption of materials in the confined dimensions of a template pore, and the understanding of electrochemical reaction-diffusion processes at the nanotube surfaces. Success of this project paves the way for the creation of a nanotube battery, where each component (anode, electrolyte, and cathode) is sequentially deposited using LbL assembly and nanotemplating.The broader impact of the research is the creation of a new class of hierarchically manufactured materials, where control over multiple length scales is demonstrated. The so-called ?layered nanotubes? will contain annular layers of intimately interfaced materials, each performing a designated function (lithium intercalation, ion conduction, electron conduction, mechanical reinforcement). This concept can be extended beyond electrochemistry to reaction/separation processes, where one layer could catalyze a reaction and the next layer could separate the products, or to drug delivery where each annular layer could deliver a specific drug or bind to a specific receptor site. The ?big picture? goal of the PI is to create and use multi-layered multifunctional nanostructures that can perform a sequential set of tasks at the micro- to nanoscale. By applying this system to lithium-ion batteries, the research aims to address the expanding and varied needs of effective energy media for ever-smaller applications. The results of this work will be broadly disseminated through journal articles and conference proceedings. A simplified version of the system described above will be integrated into classroom and outreach activities for teaching students about electrochemistry fundamentals and principles.

该奖项由2009年美国复苏和再投资法案(公法111-5)资助。这项研究将调查使用逐层组装技术和纳米模板组成的集成方法创建的概念验证纳米结构电极内发生的电化学过程。概念验证电极将在纳米管几何结构中包含锂电池嵌入正极材料、离子导电聚合物和电子导电聚合物的环形层。LBL组装是相反电荷物种在底物(在这种情况下是纳米孔模板)上的顺序吸附。组合的加工技术提供了一种分层结构，其中可以精细地控制材料属性和多个长度尺度上的三维几何形状。与平面LBL膜电极相比，这种设计有望产生更短的反应-扩散路径长度、更大的表面积和更高的电极利用率。由此产生的纳米结构阴极将代表着相对于传统的平面电极在比能量、功率密度和稳定性方面的突破。因此，这项研究不仅有助于科学地理解纳米结构电极中的电化学过程，而且有助于继续开发有效的能量存储介质。智能优点：小型应用需要更小、更轻、能量密度更高的电源，如便携式电子设备和微型机电系统。一个巨大的挑战是创造一个比被供电设备更小的电源；随着应用接近微米到纳米级，这一点尤其重要。皮？S实验室的一个长期目标是通过硬材料和软材料的定向组装来创造微米到纳米级的电源。作为一项初步工作，这个急切的项目旨在创造一种概念验证阴极，其中纳米管阵列充当小规模的阴极森林？最初的挑战包括材料在模板孔的受限尺寸内的定向吸附，以及对纳米管表面电化学反应-扩散过程的了解。该项目的成功为创造纳米管电池铺平了道路，其中每个组件(阳极、电解液和阴极)都使用LBL组装和纳米模板顺序沉积。这项研究的更广泛影响是创造了一种新的分层制造的材料，其中展示了对多个长度尺度的控制。所谓的层状纳米管？将包含紧密连接的材料的环形层，每一层都执行指定的功能(锂嵌入、离子传导、电子传导、机械强化)。这一概念可以从电化学扩展到反应/分离过程，其中一层可以催化反应，下一层可以分离产物，或者药物输送，其中每个环状层可以输送特定的药物或结合到特定的受体位置。大局？PI的目标是创造和使用多层多功能纳米结构，这种结构可以在微米到纳米尺度上执行一系列连续的任务。通过将该系统应用于锂离子电池，该研究旨在满足不断扩大和多样化的有效能量介质的需求，以满足越来越小的应用。这项工作的成果将通过期刊文章和会议记录广泛传播。上述系统的简化版本将被整合到课堂和推广活动中，向学生传授电化学基础和原理。