CDI-Type II: Collaborative Research: Groupscope: Instrumenting Research on Interaction Networks in Complex Social Contexts

社会中许多最重要的职能都是由大型团体或团队承担的。应急响应、产品开发、卫生保健、教育和经济活动都是在大型、动态、相互作用的群体网络中进行的。与对孤立的小团体或正式组织的研究相比，对这种群体网络的理论和研究要落后得多。研究群体网络的一个主要挑战是，收集和分析大量高分辨率、高容量的观测数据是研究这些庞大、动态的群体网络所必需的。该项目的目标是通过应用先进的计算应用程序来捕获、管理、注释和分析这些大量的视频、音频和其他数据的观测集来解决这一挑战。由此产生的数据分析系统GroupScope将使对大型动态群体的社会互动的突破性研究能够比以前更快、更可靠地进行。它将通过自动化尽可能多的功能来实现这一目标，包括管理大量的视频、音频和传感器数据，转录，解析关键话语事件的音频，注释和索引视频流，以及编码交互。这些第一次分析可以由人类分析师补充（他们的分析反过来将馈送到机器学习中，从而改进计算机化分析）。GroupScope将与研究应急响应团队、儿童游乐场行为、分布式团队和产品开发团队的社会科学家合作开发。开发完成后，GroupScope将部署在网络环境中，这是一个基于Web 2.0的网络基础设施，使研究人员社区能够在共同问题上进行协作。网络环境将使多名研究人员能够为小型群体和大型动态群体和网络分析和编码相同的群体数据。从不同的角度进行多重分析和编码，将有助于发现人类互动的不同层次和层次之间以前未曾预料到的关系。它们还可以与参与者的调查反应联系起来，从而实现与感知和特征领域的联系。许多最基本的科学进步都来自于新仪器的发展，比如更强大的望远镜或显微镜，它们可以让科学家观察分子。以同样的方式，GroupScope将揭示现实世界中的团体（如应急响应单位、医疗保健小组、证券交易所和军事单位）执行的关键功能的工作方式。GroupScope还将应用于培训在多团队系统中工作的人员，例如灾难的第一响应者。它可以用来记录和“评分”培训课程，给参与者反馈他们方法的优点和缺点。

Many of the most important functions in society are undertaken by large groups or teams. Emergency response, product development, health care, education, and economic activity are pursued in the context of large, dynamic, interacting networks of groups. Theory and research on such networks of groups is much less developed than research on isolated small groups or formal organizations. A major challenge for research on networks of groups is the difficulties that accompany the collection and analysis of the huge bodies of high resolution, high volume, observational data necessary to study these large, dynamic networks of groups. The goal of this project is to address this challenge by applying advanced computing applications to capture, manage, annotate and analyze these massive observational sets of video, audio, and other data. The resulting data analysis system, GroupScope, will enable breakthrough research into social interaction in large, dynamic groups to be conducted much more quickly and with much higher reliability than was previously possible. It will do this by automating as many functions as possible to the highest degree possible, including managing huge volumes of video, audio, and sensor data, transcription, parsing audio for critical discourse events, annotation and indexing of video streams, and coding interaction. These first pass analyses can then be supplemented by human analysts (and their analyses in turn will feed into machine learning that will improve the computerized analysis). GroupScope will be developed with the collaboration of social scientists studying emergency response teams, children's playground behavior, distributed teams, and product development teams. When developed, GroupScope will be deployed in a cyberenvironment, a Web 2.0 based cyberinfrastructure that enables a community of researchers to collaborate on common problems. The cyberenvironment will enable multiple researchers to analyze and code the same group data for both small groups and large dynamic groups and networks. Multiple analyses and codings working from diverse perspectives will enable discovery of previously unsuspected relationships among different levels and layers of human interaction. They can also be linked to survey responses from participants, enabling linkage to the realm of perceptions and traits. Many of the most fundamental advances in science have come through the development of new instruments, such as more powerful telescopes or microscopes that can allow scientists to view molecules. In the same way GroupScope will shed light on the workings of critical functions performed by real world groups such as emergency response units, health care teams, stock exchanges, and military units. GroupScope will also have applications in the training of those working in multi-team systems, such as first responders to disasters. It can be used to record and "grade" training sessions, giving participants feedback on both strengths and weaknesses of their approaches.