CAREER: Integrating Neuroimaging and Patient Studies of Learning and Decision Making

职业：整合神经影像学和患者学习和决策研究

• 批准号: 0955494
• 负责人: Daphna Shohamy
• 金额: $ 79.45万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-01 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0955494&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Integrating; Neuroimaging; Patient; Studies

Learning is essential to behavior, enabling organisms to draw on past experience to improve choices. A fundamental question is how different brain systems involved in learning interact to support adaptive decisions. With funding from the National Science Foundation, Daphne Shohamy is addressing this fundamental question. One way in which people gradually learn the relationship between actions and outcomes is by using trial-by-error feedback. This type of learning has traditionally been defined as implicit or habitual, and it is thought to depend on a neural structure called the striatum. A distinct and independent learning system is thought to uniquely support explicit memory for facts and events and to depend on the hippocampus. Emerging data suggest that this dual-system view of memory is over-simplified. This research program explores how different brain systems for learning interact and jointly guide behavior. The project adopts an integrative approach that draws on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in healthy individuals, combined with studies of learning in patients with isolated damage to specific brain systems. Imaging studies provide insight into the spatial and temporal characteristics of brain and cognitive mechanisms. Patient studies augment evidence of the necessity of a system for specific learning processes. By integrating functional imaging and patient research, results from this project will contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of the striatum and the hippocampus in learning, and of how these learning systems interact to guide adaptive behavior.This research program provides unique opportunities for training and education at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. Integrating multiple core tools of cognitive neuroscience (functional imaging, patient studies, behavioral analyses), students are trained in different approaches to a unified research question. Through this training, they learn to value the principle of converging methods, a theme that is further emphasized in a program of regular joint meetings with students and faculty in laboratories with complementary expertise. Determining the brain and cognitive mechanisms underlying different forms of learning will lay the foundation for potential future interventions to improve education and treat learning deficits, both in healthy individuals and in individuals with brain disorders. To facilitate this translational process, the research program forms the basis of a program of public outreach about the relevance of research on learning and the brain for education and public health. Public lectures and an undergraduate course on cognitive neuroscience in the media focus on broad communication of the relevance of cognitive neuroscience research for many aspects of society, including education, law and medicine.

学习对行为至关重要，使生物体能够利用过去的经验来改进选择。一个基本的问题是，参与学习的不同大脑系统如何相互作用，以支持适应性决策。在国家科学基金会的资助下，达芙妮·肖哈米正在解决这个基本问题。人们逐渐了解行动和结果之间关系的一种方法是使用试错反馈。这种类型的学习传统上被定义为内隐或习惯性的，它被认为取决于一种称为纹状体的神经结构。一个独特的和独立的学习系统被认为是唯一支持外显记忆的事实和事件，并依赖于海马体。新出现的数据表明，这种记忆的双系统观点过于简单化了。这个研究项目探讨了不同的学习大脑系统如何相互作用并共同指导行为。该项目采用了一种综合方法，利用健康个体的功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）研究，结合对特定脑系统孤立损伤患者的学习研究。影像学研究提供了深入了解大脑和认知机制的空间和时间特征。病人的研究增加了证据的必要性，一个系统的具体学习过程。通过整合功能成像和患者研究，该项目的结果将有助于更深入地了解纹状体和海马在学习中的作用，以及这些学习系统如何相互作用以指导适应行为。该研究计划为本科生和研究生提供了独特的培训和教育机会。 整合认知神经科学的多个核心工具（功能成像、患者研究、行为分析），学生接受针对统一研究问题的不同方法的培训。通过这种培训，他们学会了重视融合方法的原则，这是一个主题，在与学生和教师在实验室的定期联席会议计划中进一步强调具有互补的专业知识。确定不同形式学习的大脑和认知机制将为未来潜在的干预措施奠定基础，以改善健康个体和大脑疾病个体的教育和治疗学习缺陷。为了促进这一转化过程，研究计划形成了一个关于学习和大脑研究对教育和公共卫生的相关性的公共宣传计划的基础。公共讲座和认知神经科学在媒体本科课程的重点是认知神经科学研究的社会，包括教育，法律和医学的许多方面的相关性的广泛沟通。