Collaborative Research: Development of Innovative, Replaceable Coupling Beam Systems for Damage Mitigation in Coupled Walls

联肢墙(CWS)是一种复杂但具有吸引力的抗侧力体系，它结合了非凡的侧向刚度和建筑的实用性。尽管联肢墙在高层结构中越来越常见，但其研究远远落后于其他结构体系，对联肢墙的知识相对匮乏，不能很好地解决其复杂的行为。这项研究将涉及一个由研究人员、教育工作者和实践者组成的多机构小组，他们将协同合作，在新的和有前途的创新基础上构建下一代抗震、损伤容忍的连梁。由此产生的系统将平衡横向刚度、延性和卓越的能量耗散特性；将具有可替换的能量耗散部件，以降低可预测但可在最小程度的干扰下修复的损坏程度；在建筑和结构上将比目前的系统更具多样性；并将通过使用结合了良好性能目标的基于性能的设计(PBD)方法设计的创新结构系统，展示最佳的整体抗震性能。将使用紧密结合的实验计划和基于模型的模拟来实现这些目标。结合16个大约3/4比例的试件的组件和子结构测试的全面模拟将生成用于开发和评估一些创新细节的基本数据，并将允许现场评估具有创新的连梁系统的连体墙的灾后可修复性。使用综合分析引擎对另外两个3/4比例尺的子结构进行混合测试，将进一步检查在真实加载历史和边界条件下的损伤容限、可更换连梁的性能和事后可修复性。此外，混合测试将允许深入评估更高的振型效应、墙墩-连梁相互作用、平面外构件的支腿作用以及其他3-D效应。成功的项目将对地震工程界产生直接和广泛的有形影响，地震工程界继续面临重大挑战，设计具有理想性能特征的成本效益高的连体墙。研究成果将导致结构和经济效率更高的设计，并将通过使用基于PBD方法开发的创新能量耗散耦合梁来减轻灾后损害。多方面的传播、教育和推广计划将使从业者、研究人员和政策制定者能够扩大和实施研究成果，以采用创新的、容忍损害的结构系统。研究团队在连体墙的设计和分析、连体墙创新系统的开发、先进的计算和建模技术、复杂结构系统的测试、创新的教育和推广计划，以及通过传播建筑规范中包含的研究来促进实践状态方面拥有强大的背景。创新的耗能系统与PBD概念相结合，将成为减少地震对连体墙影响的有效和合理的策略。作为这项研究的一部分，开发和提供的实验数据、模型、模拟工具、方法和系统将产生新的知识，推动地震工程领域的最新技术和实践，提高美国公司在全球经济中的竞争力。此外，研究成果将广泛适用于各种结构体系，为损伤容限结构体系的更多创新铺平道路，并为未来项目和高层结构新概念的发展奠定基础。这项研究不仅将帮助当今的实践者更有效地处理大类结构的地震减灾问题，而且还将培养下一代工程师，他们将在快速变化的技术世界中工作，传统的课程将不足以满足需求。这项研究还通过外展活动和市中心高中学生的参与，影响了代表性不足群体的培训和发展。

Coupled walls (CWs) are complex yet attractive lateral force resisting systems that combine extraordinary lateral stiffness with architectural practicality. Despite being an increasingly common system for high rise structures, research on coupled walls is lagging significantly behind that on other structural systems, and the relatively scant body of knowledge for coupled walls cannot adequately address their complex behavior. This research will involve a multi-institutional group of researchers, educators, and practitioners who will synergistically collaborate to build on new and promising innovations for formulating the next generation of earthquake resistant, damage-tolerant coupling beams. The resulting system will balance lateral stiffness, ductility, and superior energy dissipation characteristics; will have replaceable energy dissipating components to reduce the level of damage that is predictable yet repairable with minimal intrusion; will be more architecturally and structurally versatile than current systems; and will exhibit the best overall seismic performance through the use of innovative structural systems designed using performance-based design (PBD) methodologies incorporating sound performance objectives. A closely integrated experimental program and model-based simulations will be used to accomplish these goals. Comprehensive simulations in conjunction with component and substructure testing of sixteen approximately 3/4-scale specimens will generate the fundamental data for development and evaluation of a number of innovative details, and will permit in situ assessment of post-event reparability of coupled walls with innovative coupling beam systems. Hybrid testing of two additional 3/4-scale substructures, using a comprehensive analytical engine, will further examine the performance and post-event reparability of damage-tolerant, replaceable coupling beams subjected to realistic loading histories and boundary conditions. Moreover, hybrid testing will allow an in-depth evaluation of higher mode effects, wall pier-coupling beam interaction, and outrigger action of out-of-plane members as well as other 3-D effectsThe successful project will have immediate and widespread tangible impact on the earthquake engineering community that continues to face major challenges with design of cost effective coupled walls with desirable performance characteristics. The research deliverables will result in more structurally and economically efficient designs and will mitigate post-event damage through the use of innovative energy dissipating coupling beams developed based on PBD methodologies. The multi-faceted dissemination, education, and outreach plan will allow practitioners, researchers, and policy makers to expand and implement the research results for adoption of innovative, damage-tolerant structural systems. The research team has a strong background in design and analysis of coupled walls, development of innovative systems for coupled walls, advanced computational and modeling techniques, testing of complex structural systems, innovative educational and outreach programs, and advancement of state-of-practice through dissemination of research embodied in building codes. Innovative energy dissipating systems combined with PBD concepts will become effective and rational strategies to reduce earthquake impacts on coupled walls. The experimental data, models, simulation tools, methodologies, and systems developed and made available as part of this research will produce new knowledge and advance the state-of-the-art and practice in earthquake engineering, increasing the competitiveness of U.S. firms in the global economy. Additionally, the research deliverables will be broadly applicable to a variety of structural systems, pave the way for additional innovations in damage tolerant structural systems, and serve as a steppingstone for future projects and the development of new concepts for high-rise structures. The research will not only help today's practitioners to more effectively deal with seismic hazard mitigation for a large class of structures but will also educate the next generation of engineers who will work in a rapidly changing technological world where traditional curricula will not be sufficient. This research also impacts training and development of underrepresented groups through outreach activities and involvement of students from inner city high schools.