Collaborative Research: Development of Innovative, Replaceable Coupling Beam Systems for Damage Mitigation in Coupled Walls

耦合墙（CWs）是一种复杂而有吸引力的抗侧向力系统，它结合了非凡的侧向刚度和建筑实用性。尽管偶联墙是高层结构中越来越普遍的一种体系，但对偶联墙的研究明显落后于其他结构体系，而且偶联墙的知识体系相对较少，无法充分解决其复杂的行为。这项研究将涉及一个由研究人员、教育工作者和实践者组成的多机构小组，他们将协同合作，建立新的、有前途的创新，以制定下一代抗震、耐损伤的耦合梁。由此产生的系统将平衡横向刚度、延性和优越的能量耗散特性；将有可替换的能量耗散组件，以减少可预测的损害程度，并以最小的入侵进行修复；将比目前的系统在架构和结构上更具通用性；并将通过使用基于性能的设计（PBD）方法设计的创新结构系统，结合声音性能目标，展示最佳的整体抗震性能。一个紧密结合的实验程序和基于模型的模拟将被用来完成这些目标。综合模拟与16个大约3/4比例的样品的组件和子结构测试相结合，将为开发和评估一些创新细节提供基础数据，并将允许对具有创新耦合梁系统的耦合墙的事后可修复性进行现场评估。使用综合分析引擎对另外两个3/4尺度的子结构进行混合测试，将进一步检查在实际加载历史和边界条件下，可更换耦合梁的性能和事后可修复性。此外，混合测试将允许深入评估高模态效应、墙墩-耦合梁相互作用、面外构件伸出臂作用以及其他三维效应。成功的项目将对地震工程界产生直接和广泛的切实影响，他们将继续面临设计具有理想性能特征的经济有效的耦合墙的主要挑战。研究成果将带来更具结构和经济效益的设计，并将通过使用基于PBD方法开发的创新能量耗散耦合梁来减轻事后损害。多方面的传播、教育和推广计划将使从业者、研究人员和政策制定者能够扩大和实施研究成果，以采用创新的、可容忍损害的结构系统。研究团队在耦合墙的设计和分析、耦合墙创新系统的开发、先进的计算和建模技术、复杂结构系统的测试、创新的教育和推广计划以及通过传播建筑规范研究来推进实践状态方面具有强大的背景。结合PBD概念的新型消能系统将成为减少地震对耦合墙影响的有效和合理的策略。实验数据、模型、模拟工具、方法和系统的开发和提供作为这项研究的一部分，将产生新的知识，推进地震工程的最新技术和实践，提高美国公司在全球经济中的竞争力。此外，研究成果将广泛适用于各种结构系统，为耐损伤结构系统的进一步创新铺平道路，并为未来项目和高层结构新概念的发展奠定基础。这项研究不仅将帮助今天的从业者更有效地处理大型结构的地震减灾问题，而且还将教育下一代工程师，他们将在一个快速变化的技术世界中工作，传统课程将不够用。这项研究还通过外展活动和来自市中心高中的学生的参与，影响了代表性不足群体的培训和发展。

Coupled walls (CWs) are complex yet attractive lateral force resisting systems that combine extraordinary lateral stiffness with architectural practicality. Despite being an increasingly common system for high rise structures, research on coupled walls is lagging significantly behind that on other structural systems, and the relatively scant body of knowledge for coupled walls cannot adequately address their complex behavior. This research will involve a multi-institutional group of researchers, educators, and practitioners who will synergistically collaborate to build on new and promising innovations for formulating the next generation of earthquake resistant, damage-tolerant coupling beams. The resulting system will balance lateral stiffness, ductility, and superior energy dissipation characteristics; will have replaceable energy dissipating components to reduce the level of damage that is predictable yet repairable with minimal intrusion; will be more architecturally and structurally versatile than current systems; and will exhibit the best overall seismic performance through the use of innovative structural systems designed using performance-based design (PBD) methodologies incorporating sound performance objectives. A closely integrated experimental program and model-based simulations will be used to accomplish these goals. Comprehensive simulations in conjunction with component and substructure testing of sixteen approximately 3/4-scale specimens will generate the fundamental data for development and evaluation of a number of innovative details, and will permit in situ assessment of post-event reparability of coupled walls with innovative coupling beam systems. Hybrid testing of two additional 3/4-scale substructures, using a comprehensive analytical engine, will further examine the performance and post-event reparability of damage-tolerant, replaceable coupling beams subjected to realistic loading histories and boundary conditions. Moreover, hybrid testing will allow an in-depth evaluation of higher mode effects, wall pier-coupling beam interaction, and outrigger action of out-of-plane members as well as other 3-D effectsThe successful project will have immediate and widespread tangible impact on the earthquake engineering community that continues to face major challenges with design of cost effective coupled walls with desirable performance characteristics. The research deliverables will result in more structurally and economically efficient designs and will mitigate post-event damage through the use of innovative energy dissipating coupling beams developed based on PBD methodologies. The multi-faceted dissemination, education, and outreach plan will allow practitioners, researchers, and policy makers to expand and implement the research results for adoption of innovative, damage-tolerant structural systems. The research team has a strong background in design and analysis of coupled walls, development of innovative systems for coupled walls, advanced computational and modeling techniques, testing of complex structural systems, innovative educational and outreach programs, and advancement of state-of-practice through dissemination of research embodied in building codes. Innovative energy dissipating systems combined with PBD concepts will become effective and rational strategies to reduce earthquake impacts on coupled walls. The experimental data, models, simulation tools, methodologies, and systems developed and made available as part of this research will produce new knowledge and advance the state-of-the-art and practice in earthquake engineering, increasing the competitiveness of U.S. firms in the global economy. Additionally, the research deliverables will be broadly applicable to a variety of structural systems, pave the way for additional innovations in damage tolerant structural systems, and serve as a steppingstone for future projects and the development of new concepts for high-rise structures. The research will not only help today's practitioners to more effectively deal with seismic hazard mitigation for a large class of structures but will also educate the next generation of engineers who will work in a rapidly changing technological world where traditional curricula will not be sufficient. This research also impacts training and development of underrepresented groups through outreach activities and involvement of students from inner city high schools.