Collaborative Research: Enclaves, Labor Markets, and the Locational Choices of U.S. Immigrants in Economic Boom and Bust

合作研究：飞地、劳动力市场以及美国移民在经济繁荣和萧条中的地点选择

• 批准号: 0961232
• 负责人: Mark Ellis
• 金额: $ 30.39万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-15 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0961232&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Enclaves; Labor; Markets

The foreign-born share of the U.S. population has risen to almost a record proportion, 12.6 percent in 2007. Immigrants to the U.S. increasingly are settling outside California and other traditional gateway states. In the last 20 years, immigrant populations have grown rapidly in the South and Midwest, regions that previously had been relatively untouched by the upswing in immigration that began half a century ago. Population growth in these areas stemmed from natural increase but more importantly from the in-migration of the native born. The credit-fueled boom that drew many immigrants to these new locations now has fizzled. Migration behavior also has changed. Fewer people (both immigrants and native-born) are migrating across state lines. Immigration also has slowed. Some states that had experienced rapid population growth now are facing population declines. This research project will document the settlement patterns of foreign-born immigrants within the country and compare them to the native-born population. The investigators will look specifically at US-born and foreign-born migration systems within the U.S. and are especially interested in analyzing how these two systems change over time, with a particular emphasis on the economic crisis of 2008-2010. They will compare the movement of immigrants within the US with movements of U.S.-born people in the context of the recent recession, with special emphasis given to determining whether foreign-born and U.S.-born workers respond to labor market signals in the same way. The investigators will test the hypothesis that immigrants will migrate within the U.S. in response to local economic crises in ways much like U.S.-born workers, leaving areas of high unemployment for areas with better job prospects. They also will seek to determine whether immigrants will be more reluctant to leave immigrant enclaves and that they will be drawn to these enclaves when they do move.By examining how migrants respond to the pull of enclaves of people from the same ethnic group and the geography of employment opportunities, by considering how these responses vary by skill and education level as well as by ethnic group, and by considering how migration behavior may differ in more recent economic hard times from what occurred in the generally prosperous era of the 1990s, the investigators will address a core theoretical tension between the geography of labor markets and ethnic enclaves as drivers of migration systems. The project's intellectual merit of this research will result from the measurement of their effects on immigrant internal migration across the economic cycle. Positive broader impacts will include the frequent and timely release of information on the evolving settlement geography and employment of immigrants during this recession and its aftermath through both scholarly and more applied media. The project also will provide education and training opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students and a postdoctoral researcher.

外国出生的美国人口比例几乎上升到创纪录的比例，2007 年为 12.6%。越来越多的美国移民在加州和其他传统门户州以外的地区定居。过去 20 年来，南部和中西部的移民人口迅速增长，而这些地区此前相对没有受到半个世纪前开始的移民增加的影响。 这些地区的人口增长源于自然增长，但更重要的是本地人口的迁入。 吸引许多移民来到这些新地点的信贷推动的繁荣现在已经消退。 迁移行为也发生了变化。 跨州移民的人（包括移民和本地出生的人）越来越少。 移民也放缓了。 一些经历过人口快速增长的州现在正面临人口下降。 该研究项目将记录外国出生移民在国内的定居模式，并将其与本地出生人口进行比较。 调查人员将专门关注美国出生和外国出生的移民系统，并特别有兴趣分析这两个系统如何随时间变化，特别关注 2008 年至 2010 年的经济危机。 他们将在最近的经济衰退背景下将美国境内的移民流动与美国出生的人口流动进行比较，并特别强调确定外国出生和美国出生的工人是否以相同的方式对劳动力市场信号做出反应。 调查人员将检验这样一个假设：移民将像美国出生的工人一样在美国境内移民，以应对当地的经济危机，离开高失业率地区前往就业前景更好的地区。 他们还将寻求确定移民是否会更不愿意离开移民飞地，以及当他们搬迁时他们是否会被吸引到这些飞地。通过研究移民如何应对来自同一种族群体的人们的飞地和就业机会的地理分布，考虑这些反应如何随技能和教育水平以及种族群体的不同而变化，并考虑最近的经济困难时期的移民行为与过去发生的情况有何不同。 在 20 世纪 90 年代普遍繁荣的时代，调查人员将解决劳动力市场地理和作为移民系统驱动因素的种族飞地之间的核心理论紧张关系。 该项目的研究的智力价值将来自于对整个经济周期内移民内部迁移的影响的衡量。 更广泛的积极影响将包括通过学术和更多应用媒体频繁、及时地发布有关本次经济衰退及其后果期间不断变化的定居地理和移民就业的信息。 该项目还将为本科生、研究生以及博士后研究员提供教育和培训机会。