Collaborative Research: Residential Segregation and the Spatial Division of Labor of Immigrants in Los Angeles

该项目考察了洛杉矶地区移民居住和工作场所的地理位置，以了解居住位置和空间可达性如何影响移民在特定工作领域的集中。以前，数据的限制限制了对这种影响的实证分析。人口普查局最近发布了1990年人口和住房普查的特别版本，其中包括就业、按人口普查区分列的居住地和按人口普查区分列的工作地点的信息。该项目将利用这些数据来解决一系列基本问题，包括：按人口普查区划分，移民在洛杉矶的哪里工作？工作地点与移民群体居住的地理位置有什么关系？与非利基工作相比，一个群体的利基工作（显著的工业和职业就业集中）在哪里？这些生态位离居民区有多远？该项目采用了两种不同的方法来回答这些问题。首先，我们计划根据洛杉矶CMSA的就业和居住人口普查区、性别和移民群体来绘制移民工人。这些地图被输入到一系列基于地图的统计数据中，这些统计数据总结了移民就业专业化与他们按区域工作和居住的地理之间的关系。其次，我们估计了一个嵌套的logit模型，该模型描述了最近抵达洛杉矶的移民（1985年至1990年之间的移民）在移民生态位工作的概率和居住地点的选择。总的来说，本研究的目的是揭示移民居住集群与他们在特定类型工作中的集中之间的相互关系。学者们推测了这两种类型的隔离——居住隔离和工业隔离——之间的联系，但很少研究其具体形式。这些联系可能与工作场所隔离有关——特定类型的工作集中在特定的地方，通常被描述为空间分工。本项目探讨了住宅、工业和工作场所这三种形式的隔离之间的联系，以便更好地了解移民所从事的工作是如何依赖于与工业空间分布相关的民族社区的位置的。这样，该项目将有助于揭示族裔居住隔离在族裔就业不平等中所起的作用。

This project examines the geography of residence and workplace for immigrants in the Los Angeles region to see how residential location and spatial accessibility affect the concentration of immigrants in particular lines of work. Data limitations have previously restricted empirical analyses of such effects. The Census Bureau has recently released a special version of the 1990 Census of Population and Housing that includes information on employment, place of residence by census tract, and place of work by census tract. The project will use these data to address a series of basic questions that include: Where, by census tract, in Los Angeles do immigrants work? How is place of work related to an immigrant group's geography of residence? Where are a group's niche jobs (notable industrial and occupational employment concentrations) in relation to its non-niche jobs? And how far away are these niches from residential concentrations? The project employs two different methods to answer these questions. First, we plan to plot immigrant workers by census tracts of employment and residence by sex and immigrant group for the Los Angeles CMSA. These maps are input to a series of map-based statistics summarizing the relations between immigrant employment specialization and their geographies of work and residence by tract. Second, we estimate a nested logit model of the probability of working in an immigrant niche and choice of residential location for the most recent immigrant arrivals to Los Angeles - those who came between 1985 and 1990. In general, the aim of this research is to uncover the interrelationship between the residential clustering of immigrants and their concentration in particular types of work. Scholars have speculated about the connections between these two types of segregation - residential and industrial - but have rarely investigated its specific form. These connections are likely bound-up with workplace segregation - the concentration of specific types of jobs in particular places, usually described as the spatial division of labor. This project explores linkages between these three forms of segregation - residential, industrial, and workplace - in order to better understand how the jobs immigrants hold depend on the location of their ethnic neighborhoods in relation to the spatial distribution of industries. In so doing, the project will help shed light on the role ethnic residential segregation plays in ethnic employment inequality.