PIRE: International Collaboration and Education in Ice Core Science (ICE-ICS)

这个跨学科的PIRE项目将侧重于记录在极地地区冰中的地球环境历史。该项目汇集了来自八所美国大学和位于丹麦、法国、瑞士和日本的五个国际研究机构的团队。这些合作伙伴将共同利用最新的技术发展，并利用通过主要国际冰芯钻探计划获得的样本，以完善冰川学模型并推进冰芯作为气候记录的研究。这将通过开发和应用下一代实验室技术和数学工具来研究冰芯来实现。具体来说，PIRE团队预计将产生：1）冰中痕量气体的新分析工具和测量以及极地地区尘埃和同位素的新测量，2）被困在雪中的大气气体物理学的数学模型，从积雪冰到冰川冰的变化，以及3）有用的新数据和模型，以阐明过去发生的气候突变的机制。如果成功的话，研究结果将产生新的见解，有助于描述全球范围内气候变化与温室气体地球化学循环之间的联系。通过利用互补的美国和国际专业知识、设施和数据，PIRE在冰芯科学方面的合作有望：提高关于过去气候和大气条件变化的数据采集速度和质量，开发有前途的新测量方法，让我们了解过去的环境状况，并提高我们对它们的意义的理解。此外，在其更广泛的影响中，ICE-ICS PIRE应该为美国冰芯社区提供一个强大的，更一致的焦点，并为该社区日益重要的国际存在做出贡献，这应该加强美国调查人员在未来国际气候相关项目中的长期作用。根据PIRE教育部分，五名美国博士后研究人员和六十三名本科生和研究生将接受培训，并与美国高级研究人员和外国机构的主要研究人员合作，为整体冰核科学议程做出贡献。在这个令人印象深刻的研究和机构网络中，精心整合的五年教育活动将包括国际研究访问和研讨会以及短期课程，虚拟研讨会和美国冰核社区内的网络。博士后研究人员和研究生将获得规划多研究者项目，教学和指导的额外经验。PIRE合作经验旨在为这些初级美国参与者提供独特的培训机会，他们应该能够领导下一代极地研究，这已迅速成为一个重要的国际奋进领域。总的来说，由研究人员、学生和机构组成的广泛的冰核科学中心团队准备以一种孤立的方式提供与冰核研究相关的创新和广泛的科学。该项目还将对美国极地科学家的教育产生重大影响，这些科学家通常在一个机构接受培训，无法获得利用极地科学研究机会所需的全部学科。目前，美国对冰芯记录的研究分布在全国各地的一些小型大学研究小组中。欧洲和亚洲的不同研究结构导致了最近的几项重大科学成就。该项目将使美国调查人员和学生与国际合作伙伴围绕一个共同的主题，创造一个更加一体化的美国社区，可以规划和实施雄心勃勃的项目，并为与国际团体的互动提供正式场所。该项目还将通过建立必要的联系，在研究生和博士后教育方面加强交流与合作的机会，以便在颁奖结束后保持研究生和博士后教育方面的国际合作水平。美国机构将在这个跨学科网络中联系在一起，并通过研究生和博士后研究人员的联合国际支持获得经验。该项目还将扩大美国机构的虚拟国际影响力，因为PIRE团队成员将定期使用视频会议，开发研究设备的远程操作，并通过在开发和测试过程中广泛使用积雪冰模型来参与交互式国际建模。参与的美国机构包括：俄勒冈州州立大学、达特茅斯学院（新罕布什尔州）、加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校斯克里普斯海洋学研究所、沙漠研究所（内华达州）、宾夕法尼亚州立大学、华盛顿大学、哥伦比亚大学（纽约州）、和科罗拉多大学。国际伙伴机构有：哥本哈根大学尼尔斯·玻尔研究所（丹麦）、格勒诺布尔大学（法国）、气候与环境科学学院（法国）、伯尔尼大学（瑞士）和国家极地研究所（日本）。该PIRE基金由NSF国际科学与工程办公室和极地项目办公室共同资助。

This interdisciplinary PIRE project will focus on the history of Earth's environment as recorded in ice of the Polar Regions. The project brings together teams from eight U.S. universities and five international research institutions located in Denmark, France, Switzerland, and Japan. Together these partners will build on recent technical developments and utilize samples secured via major international ice core-drilling programs for the purpose of refining glaciological models and advancing the study of ice cores as records of climate. This will be accomplished by developing and applying the next generation of laboratory techniques and mathematical tools to study ice cores. Specifically, the PIRE team expects to produce: 1) new analytical tools and measurements for trace gases in ice and new measurements of dust and isotopes in polar regions, 2) a mathematical model of the physics of atmospheric gases trapped in snow that is changing from firn ice to glacial ice, and 3) useful new data and models to elucidate mechanisms of abrupt climate change that occurred in the past. If successful, results should yield new insights to help describe the link between climate change and the biogeochemical cycling of greenhouses gases on a global scale.By drawing on complementary U.S. and international expertise, facilities and data, this PIRE collaboration in ice core science is expected to: improve the rate and quality of data acquisition about past changes in climate and atmospheric conditions, develop promising new measurements that inform us about past environmental conditions, and improve our understanding of their meaning. Furthermore, chief among its broader impacts, the ICE-ICS PIRE should provide a strong, more coherent focus for the U.S. ice core community and contribute to an increasingly significant international presence for that community, which should enhance the long-term role of U.S. investigators in future international climate-related projects. Under the PIRE education component, a cohort of five U.S. post-doctoral researchers and sixty-three undergraduate and graduate students will receive training and contribute to the overall ice core science agenda in cooperation with senior U.S. researchers and leading investigators from the foreign institutions. Across this impressive research and institutional network, a carefully integrated five-year set of educational activities will incorporate international research visits and workshops as well as short courses, virtual seminars, and networking within the U.S. ice core community. Post-doctoral researchers and graduate students will gain additional experience in planning multi-investigator projects, teaching, and mentoring. The PIRE collaborative experience is designed to provide a unique training opportunity for these junior U.S. participants who should be well positioned to lead the next generation of polar research, which has rapidly become an important international field of endeavor. Overall, the extensive ICE-ICS team of researchers, students and institutions is poised to deliver an innovative and broad spectrum of science associated with the study of ice cores, in a way not possible to achieve in isolation. The project will also have a significant impact on education of U.S. polar scientists who are typically trained at one institution without access to the full spectrum of disciplines necessary to take advantage of research opportunities in polar science. Current U.S. study of the ice core record is distributed among a number of small university research groups scattered widely around the country. Different research structures in Europe and Asia have led to several recent major scientific successes. This project will focus U.S. investigators and students around a common theme with international partners creating a more integrated U.S. community that can plan and implement ambitious projects and provide a formal venue for interaction with international groups. The project will also enhance opportunities for sharing and collaboration in graduate student and post-doctoral education by developing the connections needed for a sustained level of international collaboration in graduate and postdoctoral education beyond the duration of the award. U.S. institutions will be linked together in this interdisciplinary network and gain experience with joint international support of graduate students and post doctoral researchers. The project will also broaden the virtual international reach of U.S. institutions as PIRE team members will use video-conferencing regularly, develop remote operation of research equipment, and engage in interactive international modelling by making the firn ice model widely accessible as it is being developed and tested.Participating U.S. institutions are: Oregon State University, Dartmouth College (NH), Scripps Institution of Oceanography at University of California-San Diego, Desert Research Institute (NV), The Pennsylvania State University, University of Washington, Columbia University (NY), and University of Colorado. International partner institutions are: The Niels Bohr Institute-University of Copenhagen (Denmark), University of Grenoble (France), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et l' Environment (LSCE) (France), University of Bern (Switzerland), and the National Institute of Polar Research (Japan). This PIRE grant is supported cofunded by NSF's Office of International Science and Engineering and the Office of Polar Programs.