Collaborative Research: Continuous Records of Greenhouse Gases and Aerosol Deposition During the Holocene: Testing the Fidelity of New Methods for Reconstructing Atmospheric Change

该项目的主要目标是利用新的测量技术来评估冰芯中甲烷、一氧化碳和一氧化二氮气体测量的保真度，作为大气浓度和变化的记录，并开发第一个关于过去1400年来北半球大气甲烷和一氧化碳的高分辨率记录，而不是现场或冰芯特有的人工制品。为了了解埋藏率和历史、冰杂质以及钻探和分析技术对冰芯气体浓度的影响，拟议的项目将进一步完善和改进连续气体测量的新方法，并使用这些改进的方法分析格陵兰北部三个广泛分布的地点的冰芯样品中的气体和气溶胶：图努、D4和NGRIP。它们都位于寒冷、干燥的雪区，但每一种都有不同的年累积速率，并受到不同气溶胶来源和输送路径的影响。之前有两个地点用于降雪气体研究，这将为降雪和气体捕获模拟提供必要的控制。D4和NGRIP提供了存档的岩芯样本，但需要来自Tunu站点的新岩芯。拟议的测量将利用沙漠研究所(DRI)的连续流动分析和痕量元素系统，能够量化尘埃、海盐、生物质燃烧和火山气溶胶。该系统最近被扩展到包括由俄勒冈州立大学(OSU)、DRI和其他国际合作者根据NSF国际研究和教育伙伴关系(PERY)拨款开发和改进的连续气体测量，主要侧重于学生参与和国际合作，而不是研究。拟议的项目将超越K-12和其他外联战略，包括与冰钻方案办公室的外联专家协调和开展活动。将与全球、辐射和冰盖建模社区、与NSTA相关的努力和公共讲座实现广泛的联系。

The primary goals of the project are to exploit new measurement techniques to evaluate the fidelity of methane, carbon monoxide, and nitrous oxide gas measurements in ice cores as records of atmospheric concentrations and change and to develop a first, high-resolution Northern Hemisphere record of atmospheric methane and carbon monoxide during the past 1400 years free of site- or ice-core-specific artifacts. To understand the influences of burial rate and history, ice impurities, as well as drilling and analytical techniques on ice core gas concentrations, the proposed project will further refine and improve new methods for continuous gas measurements and use these improved methods to analyze gases and aerosols in ice core samples from three widely distributed sites in northern Greenland: Tunu, D4, and NGRIP. All are located in the cold, dry snow zone, but each has a different annual accumulation rate and is influenced by different aerosol sources and transport pathways. Two sites previously were used for firn gas studies which will provide needed controls for firn and gas-entrapment modeling. Archived core samples are available for D4 and NGRIP, but a new core from the Tunu site is required. The proposed measurements will utilize the Desert Research Institute's (DRI's) continuous-flow analysis with trace elements system capable of quantifying dust, sea salt, biomass burning, and volcanic aerosols. This system was recently expanded to include continuous gas measurements being developed and refined by Oregon State University (OSU), DRI, and other international collaborators under an NSF Partnerships in International Research and Education (PIRE) grant primarily focused on student participation and international collaborations rather than research. The proposed project will extend past K-12 and other outreach strategies, including coordination and development of activities with outreach specialists at the Ice Drilling Program Office. Broad outreach will be achieved with the global, radiative, and ice sheet modeling communities, NSTA-related efforts, and public lectures.