Investigations in Quantum Metrology and Quantum Entanglement

量子信息科学(QIS)是研究如何使用符合量子力学定律的系统来执行信息处理任务的跨学科领域。这项拨款下的研究来自两个QIS问题：量子纠缠在量子信息处理中的作用是什么？什么是部署量子系统的最好方法，也许是纠缠的，来测量经典参数？这两个问题扩展到四个具体的研究项目，这是这项拨款的工作重点：(I)玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的超海森堡灵敏度标度、相位一致性和纠缠；(Ii)混合态量子计算和非经典关联的测量；(Iii)Clifford电路、稳定态和局域隐藏变量模型；以及(Iv)高精度测量的基本限制。这四个研究项目将在量子信息与控制中心(CQuIC)的环境下进行，CQuIC是一个由PIF赞助的中心，总部设在新墨西哥大学物理和天文学系，在亚利桑那大学光学科学学院有一个实验部分。这项提议支持的学生将在CQuIC框架内工作，其培养博士生和让本科生参与研究的记录得到了证实。CQuIC的学生通过每周一次的高级研讨会系列和每周一次的CQuIC小组会议接触到QIS的跨学科思想，在会议上，发表在电子打印服务器arxiv.org上的论文被审查和讨论，学生和博士后在发表技术演讲的艺术上接受强化培训。CQuIC组织了一个访客计划，邀请杰出的科学家进行短期和长期访问，从而使学生接触到更多的视角和专业知识，并提供与四个外部合作伙伴进行研究交流和合作的机会。CQuIC也是西南量子信息和技术网络(SQINT)的行政总部，该网络是QIS的一项主要社区建设活动，涉及主要位于美国西南部的大约15家机构。

Quantum information science (QIS) is the interdisciplinary field that investigates how to use systems obeying the laws of quantum mechanics to perform information-processing tasks. Research under this grant draws from two QIS questions: What is the role of quantum entanglement in quantum information processing? What is the best way to deploy quantum systems, perhaps entangled, to make measurements of classical parameters? These two questions expand to four specific research projects, which are the focus of work under this grant: (i) super-Heisenberg sensitivity scaling, phase coherence, and entanglement in Bose-Einstein condensates; (ii) mixed-state quantum computation and measures of nonclassical correlations; (iii) Clifford circuits, stabilizer states, and local-hidden-variable models; and (iv) fundamental limits to high-precision measurements. These four research projects will be carried out within the environment of the Center for Quantum Information and Control (CQuIC), a PIF-sponsored center based in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of New Mexico, with an experimental component at the College of Optical Sciences of the University of Arizona.Students supported by this proposal will work within the CQuIC framework, with its proven track record of training PhD students and involving undergraduates in research. CQuIC students are exposed to the interdisciplinary ideas of QIS through a high-level, weekly seminar series and through the weekly CQuIC group meeting, at which papers posted to the e-print server arXiv.org are reviewed and discussed and at which students and postdocs receive intensive training in the art of giving technical talks. CQuIC organizes a visitors program that brings in distinguished scientists for short- and long-term visits, thereby exposing students to additional perspectives and expertise, and provides the opportunity for research exchanges and collaborations with four external partners. CQuIC is also the administrative home for the Southwest Quantum Information and Technology Network (SQuInT), which is a major community-building activitity in QIS, involving about fifteen institutions based mainly in the US Southwest.