Statics and Dynamics of 1D and 2D Colloidal Lattices with Random Pinning

具有随机钉扎的一维和二维胶体晶格的静力学和动力学

• 批准号: 1005705
• 负责人: Xinsheng Ling
• 金额: $ 36万
• 依托单位: Brown University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-15 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1005705&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Statics; Dynamics; 1D; 2D; Colloidal

Technical Abstract: The proposed program is a fundamental study of the random pinning problem using model colloidal systems. In this program, the PI proposes to apply the well-known concept of Campbell penetration depth in type-II superconductivity to establish a new experimental paradigm in colloid physics, called "stress screening", in studying the random pinning problem. The proposed experiments include measurements of Campbell length in a model 1D colloidal chains and 2D colloidal lattices. The experiments will pave the way for the experimental exploration of the physics of random-manifold regime proposed in the theoretical models of Bragg glass. The results of this program will shed new light to the random pinning problem and the new state of matter Bragg glass, thus will be of fundamental importance for superconductivity, condensed matter physics, surface science, and solid-state mechanics. This project will provide advanced training for graduate and undergraduate students in nanofabrication, video microscopy, and novel optical technique. These skills will prepare students for their future careers in the emerging areas of nanotechnology-based soft matter physics, biophysics, and materials sciences. Non-Technical Abstract: The proposed program is a fundamental study of the random pinning problem in condensed matter physics using colloidal particles as a model system. The random pinning problem is related to many condensed matter systems. For example, in superconductivity, how a superconducting cable carrying electric current without dissipation is determined by how the magnetic flux lines are pinned by atomic impurities; in nanobiotechnology, how a DNA is driven through a nanopore, important for a DNA sequencing technology, is related to how the charges on a DNA molecule interact with the rough charged surface of the nanopore. The colloidal matter system has the distinct advantage that each particle can be observed in real time using optical microscope and their dynamics can be studied using digital video microscopy, thereby providing unparallel insight into the intricate interplay between interactions, thermal fluctuations and random disorder. This project will provide advanced training for graduate and undergraduate students in nanofabrication, video microscopy, and novel optical technique. These skills will prepare students for their future careers in the emerging areas of nanotechnology-based soft matter physics, biophysics, and materials sciences.

技术摘要：该计划是一个基本的研究随机钉扎问题使用模型胶体系统。在这个项目中，PI提出应用第二类超导中著名的坎贝尔穿透深度概念，在胶体物理学中建立一个新的实验范式，称为“应力屏蔽”，研究随机钉扎问题。 实验包括一维胶体链和二维胶体晶格中的坎贝尔长度测量。这些实验将为布拉格玻璃理论模型中提出的随机流形机制的物理实验探索铺平道路。该计划的结果将为随机钉扎问题和布拉格玻璃的新物质状态提供新的线索，因此将对超导，凝聚态物理，表面科学和固态力学具有重要意义。 该项目将为研究生和本科生提供纳米纤维，视频显微镜和新型光学技术的高级培训。这些技能将为学生在基于纳米技术的软物质物理，生物物理和材料科学的新兴领域的未来职业生涯做好准备。 非技术摘要：该程序是凝聚态物理中随机钉扎问题的基础研究，使用胶体粒子作为模型系统。随机钉扎问题涉及到许多凝聚态系统。例如，在超导中，超导电缆如何承载电流而不耗散取决于磁通线如何被原子杂质钉扎;在纳米生物技术中，DNA如何被驱动通过纳米孔，这对DNA测序技术很重要，与DNA分子上的电荷如何与纳米孔的粗糙带电表面相互作用有关。胶体物质系统具有独特的优势，即每个颗粒可以使用光学显微镜在真实的时间内观察，并且可以使用数字视频显微镜研究它们的动力学，从而提供对相互作用，热波动和随机无序之间的复杂相互作用的无与伦比的洞察力。该项目将为研究生和本科生提供纳米纤维，视频显微镜和新型光学技术的高级培训。这些技能将为学生在基于纳米技术的软物质物理，生物物理和材料科学的新兴领域的未来职业生涯做好准备。