Aboveground herbivores (EuroDIVERSITY 260)

在过去40年里，与共同农业政策相关的农业强化导致了欧洲植物群和动物群的许多物种在地方、国家和区域上的灭绝，以及欧洲农业生态系统功能的深刻变化。这种集约化导致农业生态系统的简化和专门化，放弃不太肥沃的地区，导致景观多样性的全面丧失，以及单位面积化学品使用量的增加。这三个过程引起了栖息地质量的退化和减少的多样性和丰富的食草性和掠夺性物种，过程的基础上观察到的物种在欧洲农田损失的食物资源。CAP最近的改革和欧盟新成员国的加入可能会对与欧洲最广泛的栖息地相关的生物多样性和生态系统服务产生多重而深远的影响。在该提案中，由12个研究小组组成的联合体将研究与欧洲农业生态系统中生物多样性提供的生态系统服务有关的两个主要特征：（1）具有高保护价值的物种的持久性，以及（2）对重要农业害虫进行持续生物控制的普遍性。这些小组包括地理/生物气候和农业集约化的双重梯度，将允许对整个欧洲农业生态系统的农业集约化的生态影响进行大规模评估。该提案的主要预期成果包括：在全欧洲范围内评估生物多样性的变化、食物网的简化以及利用标准化方法对农业集约化所造成的耕地景观中的农业害虫进行生物控制的潜力，以及对与最近CAP改革相关的农业环境计划进行大规模评估。该提案与EuroDiversity呼吁的主题1（了解生物多样性变化）和主题2（了解生物多样性变化对生态系统服务的影响）有关。

The intensification of agriculture associated with the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has entailed the local, national and regional extinction of numerous species of the European flora and fauna as well as profound changes in the functioning of European agroecosystems over the last 40 years. This intensification has entailed the simplification and specialisation of agroecosystems, the abandonment of less fertile areas leading to an overall loss of landscape diversity, and an increase in the use of chemicals per unit area. These three processes have induced a degradation of habitat quality and decreases in the diversity and abundance of food resources used by herbivorous and predatory species, processes that underlie the observed species loss in European farmlands. Recent reforms of the CAP and the entry of the new EU member countries may have multiple and profound consequences for the biodiversity and the ecosystem services associated with Europe¿s most extensive habitat. In this proposal, a consortium of 12 research teams will examine two main features related to the ecosystem services provided by biodiversity in European agroecosystems: (1) the persistence of species having high conservation value, and (2) the prevalence of sustained biological control of important agricultural pests. These teams encompass a double gradient of geography/bioclimate and agricultural intensification that will allow large-scale assessments of the ecological impacts of agricultural intensification across European agroecosystems. Among the main expected outcomes of this proposal are European-wide evaluations of the changes in biodiversity, simplification of food webs and the potential for biological control of agricultural pests in arable landscapes caused by agricultural intensification using standardised methods, and large-scale assessments of agri-environmental schemes associated with recent CAP reforms. The proposal is relevant to Topics 1 (Understanding biodiversity change) and 2 (Understanding impacts of biodiversity change on ecosystem services) of the EuroDIVERSITY call.