HCC: Small: Graphical Perception Revisited: Developing and Validating Design Guidelines for Data Visualization

设计良好的可视化利用人类视觉系统来帮助人们理解大型数据集。然而，制作有效的可视化是一项具有挑战性的设计任务。设计师必须仔细选择如何将数据映射到视觉变量，如位置、大小、形状和颜色。在这个过程中，他们做出数百个细微的判断，同时平衡感知和认知的权衡。作为回应，心理学、地图学、统计学和计算机科学的研究人员研究了不同视觉变量对图形感知的影响：观众解释视觉编码的能力，从而解码图形中的信息。尽管在开发基于实验室实验的设计指南方面取得了很大的进展，但对可视化设计空间的综合评估和最终指南的实际验证仍然难以捉摸。这项研究促进了我们对图形感知的理解，并为可视化设计制定了新的指导方针。这项研究涉及新的实验，以解决图形感知中尚未解决的问题，包括使用众包技术的大规模网络研究和使用敏感测量（即眼球追踪）的受控实验室研究。研究人员将这些研究的结果应用于(a)制定有效可视化设计的指导方针，(b)在自动化设计过程中实例化这些指导方针，以及(c)通过案例研究部署验证指导方针和产生的工具。

Well-designed visualizations leverage the human visual system to help people understand large data sets. Yet, producing effective visualizations is a challenging design task. Designers must carefully choose how to map the data to visual variables such as position, size, shape and color. In this process they make hundreds of nuanced judgments while balancing perceptual and cognitive tradeoffs. In response, researchers in psychology, cartography, statistics, and computer science have investigated the effects of different visual variables on graphical perception: the ability of viewers to interpret visual encodings and thereby decode information in graphs. Despite great progress in developing design guidelines based on laboratory experiments, comprehensive evaluation of the visualization design space and real-world validation of the resulting guidelines have remained elusive.The research is advancing our understanding of graphical perception and formulate new guidelines for visualization design. The research involves new experiments to address unresolved issues in graphical perception, including large-scale web-based studies using crowdsourcing techniques and controlled laboratory studies using sensitive measurements, namely eye-tracking. The investigators are applying the results of these studies to (a) develop guidelines for effective visualization design, (b) instantiate these guidelines in automated design procedures, and (c) validate the guidelines and resulting tools through case study deployments.