Collaborative Research: Sea ice deformation observation within AON

PI一致认为，目前启用GPS的浮标的覆盖范围不足以监测整个北极的海冰变形。Argos定位目前用于大多数浮标，无法解决对惯性波、潮汐强迫和短期天气事件的冰漂响应。ARGOS定位带来的速度和应变率误差导致了对冰层变形的错误描述？S对冰层厚度分布的影响。他们认为，这个问题有一个非常简单的解决办法--部署配备GPS的浮标。执行机构提出了将国际北极浮标方案(IABP)浮标网络转换为GPS定位的前进方向，并获得了少量的启动资金来实施这一示范。他们预计，改进后的IABP网络将在次日至季节性时间尺度上提供对区域冰变形变异性的泛北极监测。将开发海冰变形产品以供公众传播，从而能够改进对冰厚度分布的区域估计，并监测开阔水域的比例，基本上协助监测北极的海洋-大气通量。他们建议部署浮标来补充自动漂流站(ADSS)。在这些站点上，对多年冰质量平衡、海洋通量、海洋剖面和气象学进行了局部测量。要了解ADS附近的地表通量和冰质量平衡，需要了解当地冰厚度分布的演变。他们认为，目前尚不清楚当地冰盖的什么区域影响ADS测量的能量收支，他们计划在ADS周围部署当地GPS形变阵列，以确定监测所需的空间尺度，以便全面了解冰动力学和热力学如何影响ADS附近海洋-冰-大气界面的能量收支。

The PIs coherently argue that current coverage of GPS enabled buoys is insufficient to monitor the Arctic-wide sea ice deformation. ARGOS positioning is currently used on most buoys and is unable to resolve ice drift response to inertial wave, tidal forcing and short-term weather events. Velocity and strain-rate errors consequent to the use of ARGOS positioning result in misrepresentation of ice deformation?s impact on the ice thickness distribution. They argue that there is a very simple fix to this problem - deploying GPS equipped buoys. The PIs present a way forward to convert the International Arctic Buoy Program (IABP) buoy network to GPS positioning, and are provided modest start-up funds to implement a demonstration of this. They anticipate that the improved IABP network will provide pan-Arctic monitoring of regional ice deformation variability on sub-daily to seasonal time scales. Sea ice deformation products will be developed for public dissemination, enabling regional estimates of ice thickness distribution to be improved and open water fraction monitored, essentially assisting in the monitoring of ocean-atmosphere fluxes in the Arctic. They propose buoy deployments to complement Automated Drifting Stations (ADSs). At these stations localized measurements of multi-year ice mass balance, ocean fluxes, ocean profiles and meteorology are made. Understanding surface fluxes and ice mass balance in the ADS vicinity requires an understanding of the evolution of the local ice thickness distribution. Arguing that it currently is unknown what area of local ice pack affects the energy budget measured at the ADS, they plan to deploy local GPS deformation arrays around ADSs with a view to determining the spatial scale necessary to monitor in order to provide a full picture of how both ice dynamics and thermodynamics impact the energy budget at the ocean-ice- atmosphere interface in the vicinity of the ADS.