Arctic Surface Air Temperatures for the past 100 years: Analysis and Reconstruction of an integrated data set for Arctic System Science

过去100年的北极表面气温：北极系统科学综合数据集的分析和重建

• 批准号: 0531133
• 负责人: Ignatius Rigor
• 金额: $ 53.31万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-08-15 至 2010-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0531133&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Arctic; Surface; Air; Temperatures; past

The Arctic has long been considered a harbinger of global climate change since increases in surface air temperature (SAT) over the globe are amplified in the Arctic. These increases in SAT have a profound impact on many other aspects of Arctic climate and ecology. For example, the thinning and decrease in area of Arctic sea ice has been attributed to increases in SAT, and many plant and animal species have been migrating further north.In order to better understand these processes, accurate fields of SAT are required, but as of yet, a robust gridded data set of SAT of sufficient length is not available over the entire Arctic, e.g. the trends in SAT over the Arctic from 1954 - 2003 shown in the ACIA (2004) report exhibit a "data void" in SAT over the Arctic Ocean. The data sets that are currently available that provide estimates of SAT over the Arctic Ocean begin in 1979 with the increase in buoy observations and satellite derived surface temperatures. There are also some discrepancies between the in situ and satellite derived data sets, e.g. the satellite estimates of trends show cooling over the Arctic during winter where the in situ estimates show that temperatures have warmed. This research will produce authoritative SAT data sets, which cover the Arctic Ocean from 1901 - present, which will be used to better understand Arctic climate change. The primary goal of this study is to understand the causes and effects of the interdecadal variability in Arctic SAT on Arctic and global climate.

长期以来，北极一直被认为是全球气候变化的预兆，因为地球仪表面气温的上升在北极被放大。SAT的增加对北极气候和生态的许多其他方面产生了深远的影响。例如，北极海冰的变薄和面积减少是由于卫星的增加，许多植物和动物物种向更北迁移，为了更好地了解这些过程，需要精确的卫星场，但迄今为止，还没有一套足够长的、覆盖整个北极的可靠的卫星网格数据，例如，澳大利亚气候影响评估（2004年）报告所示的1954 - 2003年北极上空卫星的趋势表明，北冰洋上空卫星存在“数据空白”。1979年开始，随着浮标观测和卫星得出的表面温度的增加，目前可提供北冰洋上空SAT估计数的数据集开始出现。现场数据集和卫星数据集之间也存在一些差异，例如，卫星趋势估计显示北极冬季变冷，而现场估计显示气温变暖。这项研究将产生权威的SAT数据集，涵盖1901年至今的北冰洋，将用于更好地了解北极气候变化。本研究的主要目的是了解北极卫星年代际变化对北极和全球气候的原因和影响。