IRES: U.S.-Hungarian-Greek Collaborative International Research Experience for Students on Origins and Development of Prehistoric European Villages

在美国国家科学基金会的三年支持下，美国学生和博士后研究员将加入由芝加哥菲尔德自然历史博物馆的首席研究员威廉·帕金森领导的国际研究小组，沿着俄亥俄州州立大学的理查德·耶基斯。 他们的匈牙利和希腊同行是位于塞格德的匈牙利文化遗产现场服务处的Attila Gyucha和克里特岛地中海研究所的Apostolos Sarris。 这些专家将共同担任导师，指导匈牙利大平原上史前农业村庄的研究，以测试跨文化人类学模型，强调不同的因果因素，旨在解释有核定居系统的起源。每年该计划旨在为学生提供国际研究经验（IRES），将派遣五名美国参与者到匈牙利东部的克勒什地区考古项目现场与欧洲同行一起，在那里他们将接受考古调查，挖掘，数据收集和分析方面的培训。每个参与者将与导师和希腊，匈牙利和美国实验室的专家合作，进行独立设计的研究项目，分析他们的结果，并解释他们在匈牙利维斯托附近的现场工作中收集的数据。 在这个过程中，NSF支持的IRES学生和博士后研究员将与备受推崇的国际研究团队建立同行和导师对学生的关系。 智力优势：IRES参与者将参加一个令人兴奋的研究计划，探索社会复杂性的出现，并研究古代欧洲第一个大型设防村庄的建立。目前该地区史前村庄发展的模式强调环境和水文的变化，以及畜牧业、社会组织、仪式和战争的转变。高级和初级研究人员团队将共同记录该地区早期农业社会的建立和发展，并为帮助我们了解世界其他地区经济和政治复杂性的发展模式做出贡献。我们对这些史前过程的理解对于了解城市化、领土主义、社会分层和战争的发展至关重要。除了开发跨文化模式，以了解欧洲社会的发展，IRES计划将提供每15个初级美国学者，包括少数民族和代表性不足的群体，提供独特的学习经验，旨在为他们提供专业培训和建立自己所需的联系。这些活动预计不仅会导致早期的职业科学演讲和出版物，而且还将导致终身交流，专业网络和美国欧洲合作。 总的来说，这一成果应该会提高下一代美国科学家的知名度和全球参与度

With three years of support from the National Science Foundation, U.S. students and postdoctoral fellows will join an international research team led in the United States by Principal Investigator William Parkinson, from the Field Museum of Natural History, in Chicago, along with Richard Yerkes of Ohio State University. Their Hungarian and Greek counterparts are Attila Gyucha, of the Hungarian Field Service for Cultural Heritage, in Szeged, and Apostolos Sarris at the Institute for Mediterranean Studies on Crete. Together, these experts will serve as mentors and direct a study of prehistoric agricultural villages on the Great Hungarian Plain to test cross-cultrual anthropological models that emphasize different causal factors with the goal of explaining the origin of nucleated settlement systems.Annually the program, designed to provide international research experience for students (IRES), will send five U.S. participants abroad to join European counterparts at the site of the Körös Regional Archaeological Project in eastern Hungary where they will receive training in archaeological survey, excavation, data collection, and analysis. Each participant will pursue an independently designed research project in collaboration with mentors and with specialists at laboratories in Greece, Hungary, and the U.S., to analyze their results and interpret data they collect during field work at sites near Veszto, Hungary. In the process NSF-supported IRES students and postdoctoral fellows will develop peer-to-peer and mentor-to-student relationships with a highly regarded international team of researchers. Intellectual Merit: IRES participants will join an exciting research program to explore the emergence of social complexity and examine the establishment of the first large fortified villages in ancient Europe. Current models of prehistoric village development in this region emphasize changes in environment and hydrology, and shifts in animal husbandry, social organization, ritual, and warfare. Together, the team of senior and junior researchers will document the establishment and development of early agricultural societies in this region and contribute to the development models that help us understand the emergence of economic and political complexity elsewhere in the world. Our understanding of these prehistoric processes is critical for learning about the development of urbanization, territorialism, social stratification, and warfare.Broader Impacts: In addition to developing cross-cultural models for understanding the development of European societies, the IRES program will provide each of the fifteen junior U.S. scholars, including minorities and underrepresented groups, with a unique learning experience intended to provide them with professional training and contacts necessary to establish themselves. These activities are expected to lead not only to early career scientific presentations and publications, but also to lifelong exchanges, professional networking and U.S.-European collaborations. Overall, the outcome should enhance the visibility and global engagement of the next generation of U.S. scientists