Environmental Change and Biological Adaptation in the Ocean Workshop, May 7-9, 2010

智力优势海洋生物将如何应对正在进行的全球变化驱动的海洋环境化学和物理变化目前尚不确定。然而，很明显，生物进化（适应）以及其他过程（如表型可塑性和表观遗传学）是对全球变化的潜在反应。这些过程在海洋系统中还没有得到很好的理解，但可能是至关重要的，因为它们可以防止海洋生物群的灭绝或局部灭绝。因此，迫切需要考虑适应在迅速变化的海洋生态系统中的作用。然而，大多数海洋学家并不是进化生物学和理论方面的专家，反之亦然。为了解决这个问题并开始弥合这一学科差距，研究人员于2009年10月召开了由nsf支持的催化研讨会。在这次研讨会上，15位受邀的海洋科学和/或进化生物学专家确定了一套讨论重点，将在随后的更大的跨学科社区论坛上讨论。其中包括：进化论能否帮助预测海洋生物对全球变化的反应？对于不同的分类群和不同的环境，环境变化的临界速率是多少？表型可塑性的限制是什么？它与长期进化的关系是什么？许多复杂的、共同发生的环境因素如何相互作用来决定适应性，这些因素将成为海洋气候变化的典型特征？我们如何根据与气候变化有关的进化理论来解释海洋基因组？我们能用进化论来预测复杂、动态系统的结果吗？进化是否有助于缓冲生态系统对环境变化的反应？应生物海洋学计划的邀请，研究人员将于2010年5月在卡塔利娜岛的南加州大学瑞格利研究所会议设施召开由美国国家科学基金会支持的约50名受邀参与者的研讨会，以解决这些悬而未决的问题。其目的是在催化研讨会的基础上，在一个更大、更多样化的群体中扩展富有成效的讨论。本次研讨会将探讨目前海洋科学界对全球变化对海洋生物的影响的关注，并首次尝试就如何开始将进化生物学的基本原理纳入我们对这些过程的理解提出建议。核心指导委员会的缔约方会议成员、原来规模较大的催化委员会以及许多新邀请的研讨会参与者将由海洋全球变化、生物地球化学和生物学、有机体生理学以及公认的进化生物学权威专家组成。解决这些几乎未触及的问题的方法也将被探索，从现代基因组学和蛋白质组学方法到实验室和现场实验和观察以及定量生物学和生物地球化学建模。更广泛的影响指导委员会致力于促进科学的多样性，并将积极寻求早期职业科学家、女性研究人员和代表性不足群体成员的参与。研究生和本科生的教育将通过鼓励学生参加全体会议而得到进一步发展，全体会议也将向公众开放。我们的讨论结果将通过研讨会报告、向NSF项目经理和科学会议场所口头报告以及在高影响力同行评审期刊上发表计划摘要文章的方式传播给科学界。我们将在研讨会网站上发布全体会议的演讲大纲和幻灯片、我们的最终报告以及在线的一般听众总结，以此作为科学宣传和公众宣传的目标。

Intellectual MeritHow marine biology will react to ongoing global change-driven chemical and physical alterations in the marine environment is presently uncertain. It is clear, though, that biological evolution (adaptation) as well as other processes such as phenotypic plasticity and epigenetics are potential responses to global change. These processes are not well understood in marine systems, but could be crucial because they can prevent extirpation or local extinction of marine biota. The role of adaptation in rapidly changing marine ecosystems thus urgently needs consideration. However, most oceanographers are not experts in evolutionary biology and theory, and vice versa. To address this question and begin to bridge this disciplinary gap, the investigators convened an NSF-supported catalytic workshop in October 2009. At this workshop 15 invited experts in marine science and/or evolutionary biology identified a set of discussion priorities to be addressed at a subsequent larger, interdisciplinary community forum. These included: Can evolutionary theory help predict how marine organisms will react to global change? What are the critical rates of environmental change for different taxa and different environments? What are the limits to phenotypic plasticity and what is its relationship to long-term evolution? How do the many complex, co-occurring environmental factors that will typify climate change in the oceans interact to determine fitness? How can we interpret marine genomes in light of evolutionary theories with regard to climate change? Can we use evolutionary theory to predict consequences for complex, dynamic systems? Does evolution contribute to buffering ecosystem responses to environmental changes?At the invitation of the Biological Oceanography Program the investigators will convene an NSF-supported workshop of about 50 invited participants, to be held at the USC Wrigley Institute conference facility on Catalina Island in May of 2010 that will address these open questions. The intention is to build upon and extend the productive discussions from the catalytic workshop in a larger and more diverse group. This workshop will examine the current concerns of the ocean science community about impacts of global change on marine biology, and try for the first time to craft recommendations about how we could begin to incorporate basic principles of evolutionary biology into our understanding of these processes. The coPIs on the core steering committee, the original larger catalytic committee, and many new invited workshop participants will consist of experts in ocean global change biogeochemistry and biology, organismal physiology, and also recognized authorities in evolutionary biology. Ways to address these almost untouched questions will also be explored, ranging from modern genomics and proteomics approaches to laboratory and field experimentation and observation and quantitative biological and biogeochemical modeling.Broader ImpactsThe steering committee is committed to fostering diversity in science and will actively seek participation by early career scientists, female investigators, and members of underrepresented groups. Graduate and undergraduate education will be furthered by encouraging our students to attend the plenary sessions, which will also be open to the public. Dissemination of our discussion findings to the scientific community will be accomplished through the workshop report, through oral presentations to NSF program managers and at scientific meeting venues, and a planned summary article in a high impact peer-reviewed journal. Both scientific and public outreach will be targeted on the workshop website by posting plenary talk outlines and slides, our final report, and a general audience summary online.