RAPID: GPS Observations in Argentina of Co-seismic and Post-seismic Deformation Associated with the 27 Feb, 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake

该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。在孟菲斯大学的协调下，一个研究小组正在阿根廷安装5个新的连续运行的GPS站，以快速响应2010年2月27日智利Maule发生的8.8级地震。来自孟菲斯大学、夏威夷大学和加州理工学院的科学家将与来自阿根廷国立地理研究所、圣胡安国立大学、圣路易斯国立大学、布宜诺斯艾利斯大学和门多萨国立奎约大学的研究人员密切合作。快速部署是必要的，因为许多重要信号在地震发生后的几周和几个月内会迅速衰减和变化。该项目的目标是捕获与该事件相关的远场时、空相关的地震后信号。这些罕见的事件提供了一个难得的机会，从根本上提高对大型逆冲断层的地震周期的理解，以及对邻近海洋和大陆地壳和上地幔的组成特性的理解。这些事件之后深远的变形和应力瞬变将在几十年内影响该地区的其他断层，并增加或减少它们破裂的可能性。GPS数据将通过联阿援助团立即提供给国际地球科学界，以便解决重要的科学问题：(1)断层界面的流变行为是什么？(2)深部余震发生时，是沿破裂面走向分布还是均匀发生？(3)土体对大应力扰动的力学响应是什么？(4)该区瞬变变形应力，特别是上地幔深层松弛作用的范围和分布？(5)应力是如何传递到后弧的？与大地震相关的地面运动在地震发生后几十年仍在继续，并影响很大的地理区域。监测这些大的大地测量信号使研究人员在理解地球变形过程和材料特性方面取得了巨大的飞跃。对这一事件的大地测量学研究将从根本上促进我们对地震和造山过程的理解。Maule地震发生在大片陆地附近，而且有大量的仪器可以用来研究它，它肯定会成为近代最重要的地球物理事件之一。这些数据将被许多领域用来约束建筑破坏和海啸成因的模型。对该地区新获得的和已有的数据实行开放数据政策，将极大地促进这一工作，这将使空前数量的美国和国际研究人员能够获得数据。本项目由美国国家科学基金会国际科学与工程办公室美洲项目资助。

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).A research team, coordinated through the University of Memphis, is installing five new continuously operating GPS stations in Argentina in rapid response to the February 27, 2010 magnitude 8.8 Maule earthquake in Chile.U.S. scientists will from University of Memphis, University of Hawaii, and California Institute of Technology will be working closely with Argentine researchers from the Instituto Geografico Nacional, Univerisdad Nacional de San Juan, Univerisdad Nacional de San Luis, Univerisdad de Buenos Aires, and Univerisdad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza. A rapid deployment is necessary because much of the important signal decays and changes rapidly in the weeks and months following the. The project objective is to capture the time- and space-dependent post-seismic signal in the far field associated with this event. These infrequent events provide a rare opportunity to fundamentally improve the understanding of the earthquake cycle of megathrust ruptures and the constitutive properties of the adjoining oceanic and continental crust and upper mantle. Far-reaching deformation and stress transients following these events will impact other faults in the region for decades, and either enhance or diminish their likelihood to rupture. The GPS data will be made available immediately to the international earth science community through UNAVCO so that important scientific questions can be addressed: (1) What is the rheological behavior of the fault interface? (2) If deep afterslip occurs, is it distributed along-strike of the rupture plane or does it occur uniformly? (3) What is the mechanical response of the bulk earth to large stress perturbations. (4)What is the reach and distribution of transient deformation and stress across the region, especially from deep-seated relaxation in the upper mantle? (5) How is stress transferred to the backarc?Ground motion associated with large earthquakes continues decades after the event and affects very large geographic areas. Monitoring these large geodetic signals allow researchers to make quantum leaps in the understanding of Earth deformation process and material properties. Geodetic study of this event will fundamentally advance our understanding of earthquake and mountain building process. The Maule earthquake, with its occurrence near a large landmass and the large numbers of instruments available to study it, will surely become one of the most important geophysical events of recent times. The data will be used by many fields to constrain models of building damage and tsunami-genesis. This will be greatly facilitated by an open data policy for both newly acquired as well as preexisting data in the region that will make data available to an unprecedented number of U.S. and international researchers.This project is supported by the Americas Program in NSF's Office of International Science and Engineering.