RAPID: RUI: Constraints on Fragmentation and Lava-Ice Contact From Ongoing 2010 Eyjafjallajokull Eruption, Southcentral Iceland

该RAPID项目由地球科学部（GEO）的岩石与地球化学项目和国际科学与工程办公室（OISE）的欧洲与欧亚项目共同发起。从3月20日开始一直持续到现在，Eyjafjallajökull中心火山经历了两种不同类型的喷发：最初的斯特龙堡式和夏威夷式的碱性玄武岩喷发，从东北侧翼（Fimmvörthuháls），产生了熔岩-雪的相互作用，从4月14日开始，在短暂的间歇之后，火山山顶火山口下的喷发重新开始（Eyjafjallajökull山顶）。峰顶的喷发更为剧烈，初步分析表明岩浆的硅质成分更为丰富。RAPID将在接下来的12个月里调查火山喷发的几个重要方面，这将为解释古代冰川火山沉积物提供更好的知识和方法，并为未来冰岛或北美西部的冰川火山喷发做好更好的准备。这是至少在过去200年里首次记录到的粗面山岩和碱性玄武岩的冰川火山喷发，它代表了一个独特的机会，可以提高我们对冰川火山喷发过程的认识，这已经成为联系更新世海洋和大陆气候信号的重要古气候指标。在接下来的12个月里，我们将研究火山喷发的几个重要方面，包括(1)Fimmvörthuháls处熔岩相互作用的结构，(2)火山近端和远端地层约束的火山灰样本中记录的破碎过程的变化，以及(3)火山喷发过程中岩浆化学的变化。为了获得最佳的样品，研究高海拔的熔岩-雪接触，并在沉积物在火山口附近被热液蚀变/古拉泥化之前收集火山灰样品至关重要；被次级斜坡移动重新加工，将破坏地层/时间信息；受季节性雨水侵蚀；或在2010-2011年冬季被冰雪覆盖。拟议的研究将使PI和Dickinson学院的一名本科生与几位冰岛科学家（例如，Steinunn Hauksdöttir, Birgir Oskarsson）合作，以追求研究目标。

This RAPID was co-sponsored by the Petrology & Geochemistry program of the Division of Earth Sciences (GEO) and the Europe and Eurasian Program in the Office of International Science and Engineering (OISE).Starting 20 March and continuing to the present, Eyjafjallajökull central volcano has experienced two different types of eruptions: initial strombolian and hawaiian eruptions of alkaline basalt from the northeastern flank (Fimmvörthuháls), producing lava-snow interactions, and starting 14 April, after a short temporal hiatus, the eruption was renewed beneath the summit caldera of the volcano (Eyjafjallajökull summit). The summit eruption has been much more explosive, and preliminary analyses show that the magma is more silicic in composition. This RAPID is to investigate several important aspects of the eruption during the next twelve months that will results in better knowledge and methodologies for interpreting ancient glaciovolcanic deposits, and also better prepare society for future glaciovolcanic eruptions from Iceland or from western North America.This is the first documented glaciovolcanic eruption of trachyandesite and alkaline basalt in at least the past two hundred years, and represents a unique opportunity to improve our knowledge of glaciovolcanic eruption processes, which have become critical paleo-climate proxies for linking Pleistocene oceanic and continental climate signals. It is proposed to investigate several important aspects of the eruption during the next twelve months, including (1) textures of lavas now interaction at Fimmvörthuháls, (2) changes in fragmentation processes as documented in stratigraphically constrained samples of ash at proximal and distal locations from the volcano, and (3) changes in magma chemistry during the course of the eruption. In order to obtain the best samples for this work, it is critical to investigate high elevation lava-snow contacts and collect ash samples before deposits are either hydrothermally altered/palagonitized near the vent; reworked by secondary slope transport that will destroy stratigraphic/temporal information; eroded by seasonal rain; or covered by snow/ice during winter 2010-2011. The proposed research will enable the PI and one Dickinson College undergraduate to partner and collaborate with several Icelandic scientists (e.g., Steinunn Hauksdöttir, Birgir Oskarsson) in the pursuit of the research goals.