Electronic Dictionary of American Regional English: Infrastructure for the Study of Linguistic Variation

语言不可避免地随着时间的推移而变化；我们国家的不同地区有成千上万的单词、短语和发音不同。《美国地区英语词典》(DARE)由哈佛大学出版社出版，共五卷，于1985-2012年间出版，展示了美国英语中地区词的历史，包括它们的年代范围和地理和社会分布。这一语言资源已被教师、语言学家、图书馆员、词典编纂者和历史学家广泛使用。DARE方言材料已经被证明对法医语言学家(根据他们使用的地区性词语来识别嫌疑人)、医生(他们需要理解病人使用的民间术语)、精神病学家(他们使用标准化的词汇测试，通常无法识别地区差异)以及记者、研究人员、方言教练和剧作家有用。在国家科学基金会的部分支持下，琼·休斯顿·霍尔博士和DARE的工作人员将制作这种语言资源的电子版，同时增加新的资源，如对比地图和录音。EDARE将使以前无法访问的资源变得可用，允许用户以印刷版不可能的创新方式搜索词典，并使定期更新更加实用。将出版一卷补充材料，其中包括1)对比图，例如显示使用各种术语的地理区域；2)五卷文本中使用的区域、用法和词源标签的索引；3)对1965-70年实地考察项目中317个问题的所有答复清单。DARE原始野外工作录音的音频样本将在两个网站上提供。通过创建一个完全可搜索的数据库，该项目为美国方言学、词典编纂和社会语言学的基础设施做出了贡献。

Language inevitably changes with the passage of time; there are thousands of words, phrases, and pronunciations that vary from one part of our country to another. The Dictionary of American Regional English (DARE), published in five volumes by Harvard University Press, 1985-2012, shows the history of regional words in American English, including their chronological range and geographic and social distributions. This language resource has been widely used by teachers, linguists, librarians, lexicographers, and historians. DARE dialect materials have proved useful to forensic linguists (who identify suspects based on their use of regional words); to physicians (who need to understand folk terms used by their patients); to psychiatrists (who use standardized vocabulary tests that often fail to recognize regional variation); and to journalists, researchers, dialect coaches, and playwrights.With partial support from the National Science Foundation, Dr. Joan Houston Hall and the staff of DARE will produce an electronic version of this language resource, while adding new resources such as contrastive maps and audio recordings. eDARE will make available resources that have not previously been accessible, allow users to search the dictionary in innovative ways not possible with the print version, and make regular updates more practical. A volume of supplementary materials will be published, including 1) contrastive maps showing, for example, the geographic regions where various terms are used; 2) an index of the regional, usage, and etymological labels used in the five volumes of text; 3) lists of all the responses to 317 of the questions asked in the 1965-70 fieldwork project. Audio samples from DARE's original fieldwork recordings will be made available on two web sites. By creating a fully searchable database, this project contributes to the infrastructure of American dialectology, lexicography and sociolinguistics.