Dictionary of American Regional English

在美国国家科学基金会的支持下，琼·休斯顿·霍尔博士和《美国地区英语词典》（DARE）的工作人员将继续记录美国英语的地区和社会差异。具体而言，他们将集中注意列入预计于2008年出版的DARE第五卷（S1-Z）的条目。哈佛大学出版社的贝尔纳普出版社已经出版了三卷DARE（A-C，1985年; D-H，1991年; I-O，1996年），第四卷（P-Sk）预计将于2002年底出版。DARE的基础是1965年至1970年间在美国1,002个社区进行的广泛的实地调查项目，以及大量的书面资料（包括日记、信件、报纸、小说、民间传说、政府文件和电子收藏品），这些资料记录了我们从17世纪到现在的语言。 《美国区域英语词典》对美国各地不同的词汇、短语和发音，或者对某一社会群体的用法进行了全面的历史处理。DARE的独特之处在于包含了显示单词分布的地图（经过调整以反映人口密度而不是地理区域）。虽然随着时间的推移，语言的变化是不可避免的，虽然有些人预测美国英语的“同质化”，但DARE清楚地表明，区域性词汇和短语在我们的语言中仍然非常活跃。DARE出版的卷和录音带以及为该项目收集的其他材料已被语言学家，社会语言学家和其他词典编纂者使用。它们也被证明对法医语言学家很有用，他们用它们来帮助识别犯罪嫌疑人;对医生来说，他们可能不熟悉疾病和疾病的民间术语;精神病学家和老年病学家经常使用诊断工具，要求患者说出日常物品的名称-在这种情况下，不知道这些物品的区域术语可能会扭曲测试分数，导致误诊。DARE卷也被教师、研究人员、图书管理员、记者、历史学家和剧作家广泛使用，也被那些喜欢美国英语的读者广泛使用。

With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Joan Houston Hall and the staff of the Dictionary of American Regional English (DARE) will continue their documentation of regional and social variation in American English. Specifically, they will concentrate on entries to appear in Volume V of DARE (Sl-Z), which is projected for publication in 2008. Three volumes of DARE have been published by the Belknap Press of Harvard University Press (A-C, 1985; D-H, 1991; I-O 1996), and the fourth (P-Sk) is expected late in 2002. DARE is based both on an extensive program of fieldwork conducted in 1,002 communities across the United States between 1965 and 1970, and on a massive collection of written sources (including materials such as diaries, letters, newspapers, novels, folklore collections, government documents, and electronic collections) that document our language from the seventeenth century to the present. The Dictionary of American Regional English provides full historical treatment of the words, phrases, and pronunciations that vary from one part of our country to another or that characterize the usage of one social group or another. Unique to DARE is the inclusion of maps (adjusted to reflect population density rather than geographic area) showing distributions of words. Although language change is inevitable over time, and though some have predicted the "homogenization" of American English, DARE makes it clear that regional words and phrases are still very much alive in our language. The published volumes of DARE and the tape recordings and other materials collected for the project have been used by linguists, sociolinguists, and other lexicographers. They have also proved useful to forensic linguists, who have used them to help identify crime suspects; to physicians, who may not be familiar with the folk terms for ailments and diseases; and to psychiatrists and gerontologists who often use diagnostic tools that ask patients to give the names of everyday objects - in such cases, not knowing that there are regional terms for the objects can skew test scores, resulting in misdiagnoses. The DARE volumes are also widely used by teachers, researchers, librarians, journalists, historians, and playwrights, as well as by readers who simply delight in our American English language.