Dictionary of American Regional English

美国地方英语词典

• 批准号: 0640484
• 负责人: Joan Hall
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-07-01 至 2009-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0640484&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dictionary; American; Regional; English

Is American English being "homogenized" by the media and the mobility of the American public? Will we all talk alike within a few generations? The four published volumes of the Dictionary of American Regional English (DARE) demonstrate that, while language change is inevitable over time, thousands of words, phrases, and pronunciations still vary from one part of our country to another. Regional distributions can be quite small (e.g., "tump" meaning 'a hummock' in the Chesapeake Bay area, or "tough jack" 'a kind of molasses candy' in Kentucky); or they can be very large (e.g., "teeter-totter," which is found across most of the North and West, and "see-saw," which is common throughout the South and Midland). With support from the National Science Foundation, Dr. Joan Houston Hall and the staff of DARE will continue work on Volume V of DARE (Sl-Z), projected for publication in 2009. The first four volumes of the Dictionary were published in 1985 (A-C), 1991 (D-H), 1996 (I-O), and 2002 (P-Sk) by the Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. DARE materials (including audio recordings as well as the published volumes) have been widely used by teachers, linguists, historians, librarians, and lexicographers. They have also been used by forensic linguists, physicians (to understand folk medical terms used by their patients), psychiatrists (to evaluate regional synonyms not recognized in standardized tests), and by journalists, researchers, dialect coaches, and playwrights. They are also used by readers who simply delight in the variety and creativity of our American English language. DARE has been described in the New York Times as "the most exciting linguistic project going on in the United States" and "one of the glories of contemporary American scholarship."

美国英语正在被媒体和美国公众的流动性“同质化”吗？几代人之后，我们会说同样的话吗？四卷出版的《美国地区英语词典》（DARE）表明，虽然语言的变化是不可避免的，但数以千计的单词、短语和发音在我们国家的一个地区和另一个地区仍然不同。区域分布可能相当小（例如，“特朗普”在切萨皮克湾地区表示“山丘”，或“强硬杰克”在肯塔基州表示“一种糖蜜糖果”）；或者它们可能非常大（例如，“跷跷板”，在北部和西部的大部分地区都能找到，“跷跷板”在南部和中部地区很常见）。在美国国家科学基金会的支持下，Joan Houston Hall博士和DARE的工作人员将继续进行DARE第五卷（Sl-Z）的工作，预计将于2009年出版。《字典》的前四卷分别于1985年（A-C）、1991年（D-H）、1996年（I-O）和2002年（P-Sk）由哈佛大学出版社Belknap出版社出版。DARE材料（包括录音以及出版的卷）已被教师、语言学家、历史学家、图书管理员和词典编纂者广泛使用。它们也被法医语言学家、医生（用来理解病人使用的民间医学术语）、精神科医生（用来评估标准化测试中未识别的地区同义词）、记者、研究人员、方言教练和剧作家使用。它们也被那些喜欢美式英语的多样性和创造性的读者所使用。DARE被《纽约时报》描述为“美国正在进行的最令人兴奋的语言学项目”和“当代美国学术的荣耀之一”。