Dictionary of American Regional English

美国地方英语词典

• 批准号: 0446648
• 负责人: Joan Hall
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-07-01 至 2007-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0446648&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dictionary; American; Regional; English

Have the media and the mobility of the American population caused the "homogenization" of American English? Will we all talk alike within a few generations? The four published volumes of the Dictionary of American Regional English demonstrate that, while language change is inevitable over time, thousands of words, phrases, and pronunciations still vary from one part of our country to another. Regional distributions can be quite small (e.g., stuffie 'a stuffed quahog' in Rhode Island, strubbly 'disheveled' in the Pennsylvania German settlement area, or stubbleberry 'deadly nightshade' in North and South Dakota) or very large (demonstrated by the contrast between tennis shoe, which is widespread but least frequent in the Northeast, and sneaker, which is widespread but most frequent in the Northeast and North Central states). With support from the National Science Foundation, Dr. Joan Houston Hall and the staff of DARE will continue their work on Volume V of DARE (Sl-Z), which is projected for publication in 2009. The first four volumes of the Dictionary were published in 1985 (A-C), 1991 (D-H), 1996 (I-O), and 2002 (P-Sk) by the Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Like the Oxford English Dictionary, DARE provides historical treatment of its entries, illustrating the use of each word with quotations that demonstrate both chronological range and regional distribution. Unique to DARE is the inclusion of maps (adjusted to reflect population density rather than geographic area) that are based on an extensive program of fieldwork conducted in 1,002 communities across the United States between 1965 and 1970. Supplementing the fieldwork is a massive collection of written sources (including materials such as diaries, letters, newspapers, novels, folklore collections, and government reports) that document our language from the seventeenth century to the present. Work on the current volume is greatly enhanced by the recent availability of valuable digital resources. DARE materials (including audio recordings and special collections as well as the published volumes) have been widely used by teachers, linguists, sociolinguists, librarians, and lexicographers. They have also been used by forensic linguists (to profile crime suspects on the basis of language use), physicians (to understand the folk medical terms used by their patients), psychiatrists (to evaluate the results of standardized vocabulary tests that fail to recognize regional variation in their scoring sheets), and by journalists, researchers, historians, and playwrights. They are also used by readers who simply delight in the variety and creativity of our American English language.

媒体和美国人口的流动是否导致了美式英语的“同质化”？几代人之后，我们会说同样的话吗？出版的四卷《美国地区英语词典》表明，虽然语言的变化是不可避免的，但数以千计的单词、短语和发音在我们国家的一个地区和另一个地区仍然不同。区域分布可能非常小（例如，在罗德岛州，“塞满的水獭”，在宾夕法尼亚州的德国聚居区，“凌乱的”，或在北达科他州和南达科他州，“致命的龙葵”）或非常大（通过网球鞋和运动鞋之间的对比来证明，网球鞋在东北部很普遍，但在东北部和中北部各州最常见，但在东北部和中北部各州最常见）。在美国国家科学基金会的支持下，Joan Houston Hall博士和DARE的工作人员将继续他们的DARE （Sl-Z）第五卷的工作，预计将于2009年出版。《字典》的前四卷分别于1985年（A-C）、1991年（D-H）、1996年（I-O）和2002年（P-Sk）由哈佛大学出版社Belknap出版社出版。像牛津英语词典一样，DARE对词条进行了历史处理，用引文说明了每个单词的使用，说明了时间范围和地区分布。DARE的独特之处在于包含了基于1965年至1970年间在美国1002个社区进行的广泛实地调查项目的地图（调整以反映人口密度而不是地理区域）。除了实地考察之外，还有大量的书面资料（包括日记、信件、报纸、小说、民间传说和政府报告等材料），这些资料记录了从17世纪到现在我们的语言。最近可获得的宝贵数字资源大大加强了当前卷的工作。DARE材料（包括录音和特别收藏以及出版卷）已被教师、语言学家、社会语言学家、图书管理员和词典编纂者广泛使用。它们也被法医语言学家（根据语言的使用对犯罪嫌疑人进行侧写）、医生（了解病人使用的民间医学术语）、精神科医生（评估在计分表上无法识别地区差异的标准化词汇测试的结果）、记者、研究人员、历史学家和剧作家所使用。它们也被那些喜欢美式英语的多样性和创造性的读者所使用。