Dictionary of American Regional English

美国地方英语词典

• 批准号: 0236423
• 负责人: Joan Hall
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-07-01 至 2005-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0236423&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dictionary; American; Regional; English

With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Joan Houston Hall and the staff of the "Dictionary of American Regional English" (DARE) will continue their documentation of regional and social variation in American English. They will concentrate on entries to appear in Volume V of DARE (Sl-Z), which is projected for publication in 2008. Four volumes of DARE have already been published by the Belknap Press of Harvard University Press: A-C, 1985; D-H, 1991; I-O, 1996; P-Sk, 2002. DARE is based both on an extensive program of fieldwork conducted in 1,002 communities across the United States between 1965 and 1970 and on a massive collection of written sources (including materials such as diaries, letters, newspapers, novels, folklore collections, government documents, and electronic collections) that document American English from the seventeenth century to the present.DARE provides full historical treatment of the words, phrases, and pronunciations that vary from one part of the USA to another or that characterize the usage of one social group or another. Unique to DARE is the inclusion of maps (adjusted to reflect population density rather than geographic area) showing distributions of words. Although language change is inevitable over time, and though some have predicted the "homogenization" of American English, DARE makes it clear that regional words and phrases are still very much alive. The published volumes of DARE and the tape recordings and other materials collected for the project have been used by linguists, sociolinguists, and lexicographers. In addition, forensic linguists have used DARE to help identify crime suspects; physicians have used it to explain folk terms for ailments and diseases; and psychiatrists and gerontologists have used it in conjunction with standardized tests that call for identification of household objects (since makers of such tests have not recognized that use of regional vocabulary items can skew the test scores and result in misdiagnosis of illnesses such as aphasia). The DARE volumes are also widely used by teachers, researchers, librarians, journalists, historians, and playwrights, as well as by readers who simply delight in American English.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，琼·休斯顿·霍尔博士和《美国地区英语词典》（DARE）的工作人员将继续记录美国英语的地区和社会差异。他们将专注于DARE第五卷（Sl-Z）中出现的条目，该卷预计于2008年出版。哈佛大学出版社的贝尔纳普出版社已经出版了四卷DARE：A-C，1985; D-H，1991; I-O，1996; P-Sk，2002。DARE的基础是1965年至1970年间在美国1,002个社区进行的广泛的实地调查计划和大量的书面资料（包括日记、书信、报纸、小说、民间传说集、政府文件、和电子收藏），记录了从十七世纪到现在的美国英语。DARE提供了对单词，短语，以及美国各地不同的发音，或者是一个社会群体或另一个社会群体使用的特征。DARE的独特之处在于包含了显示单词分布的地图（经过调整以反映人口密度而不是地理区域）。虽然语言的变化是不可避免的，随着时间的推移，虽然有些人预测美国英语的“同质化”，但DARE清楚地表明，地区性的单词和短语仍然非常活跃。DARE出版的卷和录音带以及为该项目收集的其他材料已被语言学家，社会语言学家和词典编纂者使用。此外，法医语言学家还用DARE来帮助辨认犯罪嫌疑人;医生用它来解释小病和疾病的民间术语;精神病学家和老年病学家将其与要求识别家庭物品的标准化测试结合使用（因为这种测试的制造者还没有认识到使用区域词汇项目会扭曲测试成绩，导致疾病的误诊，失语症）。DARE卷也被教师、研究人员、图书馆员、记者、历史学家和剧作家以及仅仅喜欢美式英语的读者广泛使用。