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Experimental Calibration of Mineral-Fluid Fractionation of Non-Traditional Isotopes (Fe, Cu, 33-S): Implications for Mass Transfer in Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems

非传统同位素（Fe、Cu、33-S）矿物流体分馏的实验校准：对海底热液系统中传质的影响

基本信息

批准号：
1061308
负责人：
William Seyfried
金额：
$ 16万
依托单位：
University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2011-03-15 至 2014-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1061308&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Experimental Calibration Mineral Fluid Fractionation

项目摘要

Recent advances in analytical geochemistry have demonstrated that stable isotopes of iron and sulfur can provide clues to the physical and chemical conditions deep in the earth that are responsible for the chemistry of hydrothermal vent fluids and that help to control the chemistry of seawater. Until now, how these isotopes partition between minerals and fluids at different temperatures and oxidation-reduction conditions has been speculated upon but not experimentally verified. This research involves controlled laboratory experiments at temperatures from 300 to 450 Celsius and a pressure of 500 bars to determine fractionation of non-traditional stable isotopes (Fe, Cu, S) between minerals and fluids. Experiments are designed to examine the effect of fluid chemistry on the rates and processes of isotope exchange and determine the kinetic rates of formation of pyrite and chalcopyrite, two important sulfide minerals that precipitate from hydrothermal vent waters. Results of the research will be used to interpret iron, copper, and sulfur isotope ratios in terms of mineral formation mechanisms and to constrain conditions of interaction between minerals and fluids in subseafloor hydrothermal systems. Broader impacts of the work include training undergraduate students and enhancing science infrastructure with the development of new experimental approaches that can be used for research outside the fields of geochemistry and ocean sciences.

分析地球化学的最新进展表明，铁和硫的稳定同位素可以提供线索，了解地球深处的物理和化学条件，这些条件是热液喷口流体的化学性质的原因，并有助于控制海水的化学性质。到目前为止，这些同位素在不同温度和氧化还原条件下如何在矿物和流体之间分配已经被推测，但尚未得到实验验证。该研究涉及在300至450摄氏度的温度和500巴的压力下进行的受控实验室实验，以确定矿物和流体之间非传统稳定同位素（Fe，Cu，S）的分馏。实验旨在研究流体化学对同位素交换速率和过程的影响，并确定黄铁矿和黄铜矿（从热液喷口沃茨中沉淀的两种重要硫化物矿物）形成的动力学速率。研究结果将被用来解释铁，铜和硫同位素比值的矿物形成机制，并限制在海底热液系统中矿物和流体之间的相互作用的条件。这项工作的更广泛影响包括培训本科生和加强科学基础设施，开发可用于地球化学和海洋科学领域以外的研究的新实验方法。