Collaborative Research: Development of Airborne Lidar and Temperature Mapper "Facility" Instruments for the NSF GV and Measurements during SAANGRIA

研究人员将建造一个大气激光雷达仪器和一个气辉成像仪，用于部署在NSF/NCAR湾流- v （NGV）飞机上。这些仪器的设计是为了进行重要的测量，以研究内部重力波（GWs）对大气动力学的影响，以及它们对化学、微物理和等离子体过程的影响。在平流层中，GW效应包括飞行高度的严重乱流，极地平流层云的产生，有助于臭氧破坏，以及对大尺度环流的系统影响。大规模的GWs也有类似的，但在很大程度上未知的影响，可以延伸到热层和电离层。南安第斯—南极重力波计划（SAANGRIA）是一个利用NGV研究飞机测量南安第斯山脉、德雷克海峡和南极半岛上重力波效应的项目，据信南极半岛是地球上GW强迫最活跃的地区。目前的NGV仪器非常适合低层大气的SAANGRIA观测，但不能完全解决气候和中间层-低层热层科学问题。新的平流层、中间层和低层热层（MLT） NGV仪器将包括瑞利和共振激光雷达，以及一个中间层温度成像仪，该成像仪将测量从NGV飞行高度（~13公里）到~100公里之间的温度和垂直风。此后，这些仪器将继续作为NGV“设施”仪器，从而大大提高NCAR设施在未来由NSF研究人员进行飞行计划的科学效益。从这些测量中获得的信息将有助于改进数值天气预报、环流模拟和气候研究，从而使研究界和社会受益。

The investigators will build an atmospheric lidar instrument and an airglow imager for deployment on the NSF/NCAR Gulfstream-V (NGV) aircraft. The instruments are designed to make measurements important for studying the impacts of internal gravity waves (GWs) in atmospheric dynamics, and in the chemical, microphysical, and plasma processes they influence. In the stratosphere, GW effects include severe turbulence at flight altitudes, creation of polar stratospheric clouds that contribute to ozone destruction, and systematic influences on the large-scale circulation. Large-scale GWs also have similar, but largely unknown, effects extending well into the thermosphere and ionosphere. The Southern Andes -- ANtarctic GRavity wave InitiAtive (SAANGRIA) is a program that would employ the NGV research aircraft to measure gravity wave effects over the southern Andes, the Drake Passage, and the Antarctic Peninsula, which is believed to be the most dynamically active region on Earth in terms of GW forcing.Current NGV instruments are well suited to lower atmosphere SAANGRIA observations, but do not address climate and mesosphere-lower thermosphere science topics fully. The new stratospheric and mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) NGV instruments would include Rayleigh and resonance lidars and a Mesospheric Temperature Mapper that would measure temperatures and vertical winds spanning altitudes from immediately above the NGV flight altitude (~13 km) to ~100 km. These instruments will remain as NGV "facility" instruments thereafter, thus greatly enhancing the scientific benefits of the NCAR facilities for flight programs by NSF investigators in the future. The information obtained from these measurements will benefit the research community and society by helping to improve numerical weather prediction, general circulation modeling, and climate studies.