Engineering Heterogeneous Catalysts Using Novel Nanotechnology Synthesis

利用新型纳米技术合成工程多相催化剂

• 批准号: 1063595
• 负责人: Francisco Zaera
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: University of California-Riverside
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1063595&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Engineering; Heterogeneous; Catalysts; Using; Novel

Selectivity in catalysis requires the use of materials with well-defined active sites. Those sites also need to be robust, to survive all of the conditions used for their preparation and activation and for the process of catalysis. The manufacturing of such materials with well-defined active sites has been difficult to achieve in the past, but has recently received some help from the field of nanotechnology. Professor Francisco Zaera of the University of California at Riverside believes preparation of catalyst sites with extreme specificity in physicochemistry is now possible, and the results will be extremely useful. New colloidal and other self-assembly synthetic methodologies can now be used to make nanoparticles with specific sizes and shapes. This proposal describes research to develop general synthetic approaches for the preparation of metal-based catalysts with well-defined structural and/or chemical characteristics. Two interconnected directions of research are proposed: (1) the use of nanoparticles of Pt, Ni, and Pd will be made with exclusive (111) or (100) facets exposed with narrow distributions of sizes and well-defined shapes for the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts; and (2) the encapsulation of those metal nanoparticles by several approaches as a way to increase their stability and isolate their functionality. Desirable catalytic behavior will be targeted in terms of selectivity and/or stability, in particular for mild reactions involving hydrocarbon conversions such as hydrogenations and isomerizations in olefins and other unsaturated molecules. The aim is to combine the use of novel synthetic methods with the understanding achieved from studies using model systems to design selective and robust metal catalysts for mild catalytic processes. The value of this approach is that it combines knowledge developed by three separate communities: self-assembly chemists, catalyst developers, and surface scientists. Success will have repercussions on the design of new industrialprocesses that rely on catalysis of mild reactions such as in the food industry, where selectivity for the production of cis olefins is desired because of the adverse health effects of trans fats. The general synthetic methodology generated by the work is also likely to apply to the preparation of materials for other uses such as absorbents, sensors, and paints. The knowledge deriving from this work will be used for educational purposes to illustrate basic solid-state synthesis and catalysis principles in undergraduate and graduate classes. Collaborations with Latin American research groups will be forged, and student participation from underrepresented groups in research (Hispanics in particular) will be strongly pursued. This is characteristic for this group and university.

催化的选择性要求使用具有明确活性中心的材料。这些位点也需要健壮，才能在用于它们的准备和激活以及催化过程的所有条件下存活。这种具有明确活性中心的材料的制造在过去一直很难实现，但最近得到了纳米技术领域的一些帮助。加州大学河滨分校的弗朗西斯科·扎埃拉教授认为，现在可以在物理化学中制备具有极端专一性的催化剂位置，结果将非常有用。新的胶体和其他自组装合成方法现在可以用来制造特定尺寸和形状的纳米颗粒。本建议描述了为制备具有明确结构和/或化学特征的金属基催化剂而开发一般合成方法的研究。提出了两个相互关联的研究方向：(1)将铂、镍和钯的纳米颗粒用于制备尺寸分布窄、形状明确的(111)或(100)面，以制备多相催化剂；(2)通过多种方法对这些金属纳米颗粒进行包裹，以增加其稳定性并分离其功能。期望的催化行为将以选择性和/或稳定性为目标，特别是涉及烃类转化的温和反应，如烯烃和其他不饱和分子中的氢化和异构化。其目的是将新的合成方法的使用与通过使用模型系统的研究获得的理解相结合，以设计用于温和催化过程的选择性和坚固的金属催化剂。这种方法的价值在于，它结合了三个不同群体开发的知识：自组装化学家、催化剂开发人员和表面科学家。成功将对依赖温和反应催化的新工业工艺的设计产生影响，例如在食品工业中，由于反式脂肪对健康的不利影响，需要选择性地生产顺式烯烃。这项工作产生的一般合成方法也可能适用于其他用途的材料的制备，如吸收剂、传感器和涂料。从这项工作中获得的知识将用于教育目的，在本科生和研究生课堂上说明基本的固态合成和催化原理。将建立与拉丁美洲研究小组的合作，并将大力推动代表不足的群体(特别是拉美裔美国人)的学生参与研究。这是这个群体和大学的特点。