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The Scientific Software Network Map

科学软件网络地图

基本信息

批准号：
1064209
负责人：
James Herbsleb
金额：
$ 54.2万
依托单位：
Carnegie-Mellon University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2011-05-15 至 2015-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1064209&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Scientific Software Network Map

项目摘要

Increasingly sophisticated science depends on ever more complex software. Software is increasingly vital across all scientific fields for functions as diverse as analyzing data, simulating phenomena, and controlling instruments. Software, more than simply a supporting service, can be a source of innovation and can enhance science by increasing its transparency, reproducibility, transferability and scale. Currently, however, there is little scientific understanding of the contribution of software work towards progress in science; it is often not even clear what software was used in advancing science and who ought to receive credit for that software's contribution. Lacking this citation mechanism, young scientists are implicitly discouraged from the work needed to build broadly useful software. Collaboration to improve existing software is also unintentionally discouraged. Releasing a package can create a unfortunate outcome, where a package's success brings support and maintenance burdens that overwhelm its creators, stalling emerging projects and discouraging future sharing. Both understanding the role of software work in science and overcoming the obstacles slowing its progress depend critically on knowing what software is actually used, how the use of various packages is orchestrated in scientific projects, and where resources can be most effectively deployed to facilitate software development, evolution, and support. In order to continuously acquire such knowledge, this project is designing and building the Scientific Software Network Map. This map will measure the scientific-software ecosystem by collecting data on which software tools have been used in the science leading to publications, the network of dependencies and complementarities from that software to other software packages, and how software use evolves over time. The project is working with scientists in software-heavy fields to research and design data-collection techniques, gather data, and design appropriate analyses. This project will also provide an initial foundation for a scientific understanding of the role of software in science and scientific innovation. Broader Impacts: The results of the project will improve the practical conduct of software-supported science as well as informing science policy decision-making related to software's application in science, research, and innovation projects. The publicly available Map that results will be more broadly useful in three mutually reinforcing ways. First, it will be a resource for software-contributing scientists to demonstrate the usefulness and impact of their work, providing a foundation for their motivated, sustained contribution and improving the sustainability of scientific software projects. Second, it will function as an information source for other scientists to know what software is being used in their field, generating common knowledge that reduces costly reimplementation and helping communities coalesce towards shared platforms. Third, it will help science funders identify evolving issues and opportunities in the software ecosystem -- such as the challenge of rapid adoption driving heavy but unanticipated support burdens, or early alerts about communities coalescing around nascent cores which, with timely, focused funding support, can be turned into the software platforms that will drive future scientific innovation.

越来越复杂的科学依赖于越来越复杂的软件。软件在所有科学领域的功能越来越重要，如分析数据、模拟现象和控制仪器。软件不仅仅是一种支持服务，它还可以成为创新的源泉，可以通过增加透明度、可重复性、可转移性和规模来增强科学。然而，目前，人们对软件工作对科学进步的贡献知之甚少；人们甚至常常不清楚哪些软件被用于推动科学发展，以及谁应该为该软件的贡献获得荣誉。缺乏这种引用机制，年轻的科学家就会对构建广泛有用的软件所需要的工作望而却步。改进现有软件的协作也无意中受到了阻碍。发布一个包可能会产生一个不幸的结果，一个包的成功带来了支持和维护的负担，使它的创建者不堪重负，阻碍了新兴的项目，并阻碍了未来的共享。理解软件工作在科学中的角色和克服阻碍其进展的障碍，关键取决于了解实际使用什么软件，如何在科学项目中协调各种软件包的使用，以及在哪里可以最有效地部署资源以促进软件开发、进化和支持。为了不断获取这些知识，本项目正在设计和构建科学软件网络地图。这张地图将通过收集数据来衡量科学-软件生态系统，这些数据包括：哪些软件工具在科学中被使用，导致出版，该软件与其他软件包之间的依赖关系和互补性网络，以及软件使用如何随着时间的推移而演变。该项目正在与软件密集型领域的科学家合作，研究和设计数据收集技术，收集数据，并设计适当的分析。该项目还将为科学地理解软件在科学和科学创新中的作用提供初步的基础。更广泛的影响：该项目的结果将改善软件支持科学的实际行为，并为与软件在科学、研究和创新项目中的应用相关的科学政策决策提供信息。可公开获得的地图将以三种相辅相成的方式更广泛地发挥作用。首先，它将成为为软件做出贡献的科学家展示其工作的有用性和影响的资源，为他们积极的、持续的贡献提供基础，并提高科学软件项目的可持续性。其次，它将作为一个信息源，让其他科学家知道他们的领域正在使用什么软件，产生共同的知识，减少昂贵的重新实施，并帮助社区联合起来共享平台。第三，它将帮助科学资助者识别软件生态系统中不断发展的问题和机会——例如，快速采用带来沉重但意想不到的支持负担的挑战，或者关于围绕新生核心凝聚的社区的早期预警，这些核心在及时、集中的资金支持下，可以转变为推动未来科学创新的软件平台。