Collaborative Research: Phthalate Plasticizers: Temperature Dependence of Material/Air Equilibria and Consequences for Emissions, Exposure and Risk

合作研究:邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂:材料/空气平衡的温度依赖性以及对排放、暴露和风险的影响

基本信息

项目摘要

PIs: John Little / Ying XuProposal Numbers: CBET-1066802 / 1066642Institutions: Virginia Tech / Univ. of Texas-AustinTitle: Collaborative Research: Phthalate Plasticizers: Temperature Dependence of Material/Air Equilibria and Consequences for Emissions, Exposure and RiskModern indoor environments contain a vast array of manufactured materials, many of which emit toxic contaminants. Of special concern are indoor levels of phthalate plasticizers, which have increased substantially in recent decades. These semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) enhance product performance, and are ubiquitous, redistributing from their original sources to indoor air, and subsequently to all interior surfaces. Because they partition so strongly to surfaces, many SVOCs persist for years after the source is removed. Biomonitoring (measuring concentrations in blood and urine) provides direct evidence of the virtually universal human exposure to plasticizers, which may result in profound and irreversible changes in the development of the reproductive tract. A recent report by the National Academies urgently recommends that the most important sources of phthalate exposure be identified. While biomonitoring alone cannot provide this answer, the PIs have developed and validated a fundamental approach that can be used to identify the most important sources of exposure to plasticizers. Building on this promising conceptual leap in understanding, their research objectives are to: (1) Select several indoor polyvinyl chloride products (PVCPs) based on the measured concentration of different phthalates present in the materials (C0); (2) Develop a novel, direct, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method to measure (y0) the gas-phase concentration in equilibrium with C0, and use the resulting C0 vs y0 data to establish the nature of the equilibrium relationship as a function of temperature; (3) Characterize emissions of the target phthalates from nine of the selected PVCPs and validate their emissions model for the new phthalates in chamber experiments over a range of temperatures; (4) Extend the chamber approach to simultaneously measure emissions from two sources of phthalates (with each material acting as a sink for the phthalate from the other material); (5) Test the effect of temperature on phthalate emissions, sorption and condensation in vehicles under controlled conditions, and compare the results with analogous chamber studies; and (6) Use the measured/predicted y0 values to estimate screening-level exposure for the entire range of PVCPs studied and combine exposure with toxicity from ToxCast? to get risk, providing a simple method for the rapid prioritization of indoor sources most harmful to human health. This research builds on the first successful elucidation of the fundamental mechanisms governing the release of phthalates from polymer materials. The PIs will, for the first time, develop an innovative new SPME method to measure y0; establish the equilibrium relationship between C0 and y0 as a function of temperature; and test the temperature effect on phthalate emissions and sorption in cars and homes. The temperature effect could be of great significance when sunlight shines directly on a PVCP surface in a room or car, increasing the emission rate by orders of magnitude. When a person enters a hot car and turns on the air conditioning without opening the windows, the cooling phthalate vapor will condense, coating interior surfaces, including human skin, with a thin film of liquid phthalate, imposing potentially significant health risks. The PIs also will develop a powerful yet simple screening-level exposure assessment approach for PVCPs, and substantially enhance our ability to predict exposure (via inhalation, dermal sorption and oral ingestion of dust) to all phthalate plasticizers. Their fundamental approach to predict exposure to phthalates in PVCPs can almost certainly be generalized to a wide range of other SVOCs (PBDEs, organotins, and pesticides) emitted from a host of materials and products found in homes, cars, schools, offices, and factories. The new mechanistic understanding will enable the conscious design of green materials because the chemical and material properties that govern emissions are clearly understood. Diversity will be inculcated through their ACE (Academic Credit for Experimentation) program, as well as through personal relationships with colleagues at three HBCUs. The undergraduate ACE students at Virginia Tech will estimate exposure to some of the PVCPs in their own homes, enabling identification of new phthalate-laden PVCPs entering the market as well as some of the ?legacy? products that are no longer produced. Given that most PVCPs emit phthalates for decades, this constitutes a vital aspect of the project. The undergraduate students at UT Austin will be engaged in the first temperature controlled tests of automobile cabins. Their approach for estimating screening-level health risks can be used to prioritize cost-effective action, and could revolutionize how human health effects of indoor materials are evaluated.
PI:John Little / Ying Xu提案编号:CBET-1066802 /1066642机构:弗吉尼亚理工大学/德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校标题: 合作研究:邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂:材料/空气平衡的温度依赖性以及排放、暴露和风险的后果现代室内环境包含大量的制造材料,其中许多会排放有毒污染物。 特别值得关注的是邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂的室内水平,近几十年来大幅增加。 这些半挥发性有机化合物(SVOC)增强了产品性能,并且无处不在,从其原始来源重新分布到室内空气中,随后再分布到所有内部表面。 由于它们强烈地分配到表面,许多SVOC在源被移除后持续多年。 生物监测(测量血液和尿液中的浓度)提供了人类几乎普遍暴露于增塑剂的直接证据,这可能导致生殖道发育发生深刻和不可逆转的变化。 美国国家科学院最近的一份报告紧急建议确定邻苯二甲酸酯暴露的最重要来源。 虽然生物监测本身无法提供这个答案,但PI已经开发并验证了一种基本方法,可用于识别增塑剂暴露的最重要来源。 基于这一有希望的概念性飞跃,他们的研究目标是:(1)根据材料中存在的不同邻苯二甲酸酯的测量浓度(C 0)选择几种室内聚氯乙烯产品(PVCP);(2)发展一种新的、直接的、固相微萃取(SPME)方法来测量与C 0平衡的气相浓度(y 0),并使用所得的C 0对y 0数据来建立作为温度函数的平衡关系的性质;(3)表征来自所选PVCP中的九种的目标邻苯二甲酸酯的排放,并在一定温度范围内的室实验中验证它们对于新邻苯二甲酸酯的排放模型;(4)扩展气室方法,以同时测量两种邻苯二甲酸盐来源的排放(每种材料都充当邻苯二甲酸酯从另一种材料中吸收的槽);(5)在受控条件下测试温度对车辆内邻苯二甲酸酯排放、吸附和冷凝的影响,并将结果与类似的室内研究进行比较;和(6)使用测量/预测的y 0值,以估计筛选水平的接触,为整个范围的PVCP研究和联合收割机暴露与毒性从ToxCast?获得风险,提供了一个简单的方法,快速优先级的室内源最有害的人体健康。这项研究建立在第一次成功阐明的基本机制,管理邻苯二甲酸酯从聚合物材料的释放。 PI将首次开发一种创新的新SPME方法来测量y 0;建立C 0和y 0之间的平衡关系作为温度的函数;并测试温度对汽车和家庭中邻苯二甲酸酯排放和吸附的影响。 当阳光直接照射在房间或汽车中的PVCP表面时,温度效应可能具有重要意义,从而使排放率增加几个数量级。 当一个人进入一个炎热的汽车,打开空调,而不打开窗户,冷却邻苯二甲酸酯蒸汽将冷凝,涂层内表面,包括人体皮肤,与液体邻苯二甲酸酯薄膜,造成潜在的重大健康风险。 PI还将为PVCP开发一种强大而简单的筛查水平暴露评估方法,并大大提高我们预测所有邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂暴露(通过吸入,皮肤吸附和口服粉尘)的能力。 他们预测聚氯乙烯中邻苯二甲酸酯暴露的基本方法几乎可以肯定地推广到从家庭、汽车、学校、办公室和工厂中发现的大量材料和产品中排放的各种其他SVOC(多溴二苯醚、有机锡和杀虫剂)。 新的机械理解将使绿色材料的有意识设计成为可能,因为控制排放的化学和材料特性已被清楚地理解。 多样性将通过他们的ACE(实验学术学分)计划,以及通过与三个HBCU同事的个人关系来灌输。 弗吉尼亚理工大学的本科ACE学生将估计在自己家中接触到的一些PVCP,从而能够识别进入市场的新的邻苯二甲酸酯负载的PVCP以及一些?遗产?不再生产的产品。 鉴于大多数PVCP几十年来都会排放邻苯二甲酸盐,这构成了该项目的一个重要方面。 德州大学奥斯汀分校的本科生将参与汽车驾驶室的第一次温度控制测试。 他们估计筛查水平健康风险的方法可用于优先考虑具有成本效益的行动,并可能彻底改变如何评估室内材料对人类健康的影响。

项目成果

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John Little其他文献

Oxidation of Heat-resistant Alloys
Documentation of pediatric reflux: Standardization of a new technique and review of 300 children
  • DOI:
    10.1016/s0194-5998(96)80586-9
  • 发表时间:
    1996-08-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    John Little;Brian Matthews;William F. McGuirt;James A. Koufman
  • 通讯作者:
    James A. Koufman
A research agenda for making scanner data more useful to managers
  • DOI:
    10.1007/bf00999213
  • 发表时间:
    1994-10-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    2.500
  • 作者:
    Scott Neslin;Greg Allenby;Andrew Ehrenberg;Steve Hoch;Gilles Laurent;Robert Leone;John Little;Leonard Lodish;Robert Shoemaker;Dick Wittink
  • 通讯作者:
    Dick Wittink
The Henry Joseph Windsor Lecture: Melanoma is a word, not a sentence.
亨利·约瑟夫·温莎讲座:黑色素瘤是一个词,而不是一个句子。
  • DOI:
    10.1111/j.1445-2197.1976.tb03313.x
  • 发表时间:
    1976
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Neville C. Davis;Roderick McLeod;Graeme Beardmore;John Little;Redmond L. Quinn;John Holt
  • 通讯作者:
    John Holt
p95HER2, a truncated form of the HER2 oncoprotein, drives an immunosuppressive program in HER2+ breast cancer that limits trastuzumab deruxtecan efficacy
p95HER2,一种 HER2 癌蛋白的截短形式,在 HER2+乳腺癌中驱动一种免疫抑制程序,限制了曲妥珠单抗-德曲妥珠单抗的疗效
  • DOI:
    10.1038/s43018-025-00969-4
  • 发表时间:
    2025-06-27
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    28.500
  • 作者:
    Dong Hu;Xiaoshuang Lyu;Zheqi Li;Prasanna Ekambaram;Anushka Dongre;Tanner Freeman;Marion Joy;Jennifer M. Atkinson;Daniel D. Brown;Zongyou Cai;Neil M. Carleton;Hannah E. Crentsil;John Little;Felicia Kemp;Linda R. Klei;Maria Beecher;Jeff Sperinde;Weidong Huang;Heikki Joensuu;Ashok Srinivasan;Katherine L. Pogue-Geile;Ying Wang;Huichen Feng;Lisa D. Eli;Alshad S. Lalani;Jian Zou;George C. Tseng;Tullia C. Bruno;Adrian V. Lee;Steffi Oesterreich;Norman Wolmark;Carmen J. Allegra;Samuel A. Jacobs;Linda M. McAllister-Lucas;Peter C. Lucas
  • 通讯作者:
    Peter C. Lucas

John Little的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('John Little', 18)}}的其他基金

Collaborative Research: GCR: Convergent Anthropocene Systems (Anthems) - A System-of-Systems Paradigm
合作研究:GCR:趋同的人类世系统(颂歌)——系统的系统范式
  • 批准号:
    2317874
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.24万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Planning Grant: Engineering research center for managing complex socio-environmental problems using a generic, tiered system-of-systems (GTSoS) modeling and data-science framework
规划拨款:工程研究中心,使用通用的分层系统(GTSoS)建模和数据科学框架来管理复杂的社会环境问题
  • 批准号:
    1937012
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.24万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
IWA Symposium on Lake and Reservoir Management; August 3-8, 2015
IWA湖泊和水库管理研讨会;
  • 批准号:
    1541978
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.24万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Particle-mediated enhanced transport of semi-volatile organic compounds in indoor environments
合作研究:颗粒介导增强室内环境中半挥发性有机化合物的运输
  • 批准号:
    1335722
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.24万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Managing oxygen demand in lakes and reservoirs - a competition between natural and artificial forcing
合作研究:管理湖泊和水库的需氧量——自然和人工强迫之间的竞争
  • 批准号:
    1033514
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.24万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Developing Barrier Layers to Minimize Volatile Emissions from Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs)
开发阻挡层以最大限度地减少结构绝缘板 (SIP) 的挥发性排放
  • 批准号:
    0600090
  • 财政年份:
    2006
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.24万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Emission of Phthalates from Vinyl Flooring and Interaction with Fine Particles
乙烯基地板中邻苯二甲酸盐的排放及其与细颗粒的相互作用
  • 批准号:
    0504167
  • 财政年份:
    2005
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.24万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Hypolimnetic Oxygenation: Coupling Bubble-Plume and Reservoir Models
低记忆氧化:耦合气泡羽流和储层模型
  • 批准号:
    0202034
  • 财政年份:
    2002
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.24万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Partnership for Advancing Technologies in Housing: Designing Panelized Systems to Minimize Impact on Indoor Air Quality in Tightly-Sealed Buildings
推进住房技术合作:设计镶板系统以尽量减少对密封建筑室内空气质量的影响
  • 批准号:
    0122165
  • 财政年份:
    2001
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.24万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
U.S.-Swiss Collaborative Research: Hypolimnetic Oxygenation of Stratified Reservoirs
美国-瑞士合作研究:分层储层的神经调节氧化
  • 批准号:
    9908145
  • 财政年份:
    2000
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.24万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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