Engineering Quantum Dissipation in Cold Atom Systems

冷原子系统中的工程量子耗散

• 批准号: 1104472
• 负责人: James Porto
• 金额: $ 42万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland, College Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1104472&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Engineering; Quantum; Dissipation; Cold; Atom

This research will explore ways to engineer quantum dissipation to be useful rather than problematic. Much of the focus in quantum research has concentrated on purely conservative systems, isolated as well as possible from environmental influences. But coupling to a dissipative channel can be important and useful, to remove entropy, a critical component of both classical and quantum information processing. Any realistic quantum information processor is an open quantum system, and will require control and understanding of dissipation. This research will develop techniques to use dissipation to remove entropy from one degree of freedom while preserving the quantum state of another, vital for quantum computation. In particular, the work will concentrate on developing the ability to laser cool atoms without destroying quantum information stored in the nuclear spin.The researchers will explore a matter wave analogy to quantum optics, studying an open quantum system where the dissipation comes from the phonon vibrations of a degenerate gas rather than the photon vacuum. Atoms trapped in an optical lattice will interact with a Bose condensate of another species, and will dissipate energy into excitations in the condensate, in analogy to atoms dissipating energy through spontaneous emission into excitations of the electromagnetic vacuum. The wider range of control of the reservoir formed by the condensate will allow for a greater understanding and possible control of dissipation in the quantum world.This work resides at the intersection of atomic physics, quantum information science, and condensed matter physics. Developing ways to engineer dissipation and understand and control open quantum systems will be relevant to virtually any new technological applications built on quantum mechanics, from a fully realized quantum computer to much more modest applications such as sensors based on coherent quantum mechanical processes. One of the biggest impediments to implementing quantum information processing is the interaction with the environment.Graduate and undergraduate students will be trained in state-of-the-art optical techniques, along with gaining experience with high vacuum, analog, RF, and digital electronics, and computer-based data acquisition. They will be in an environment that exposes them to a wide variety of physics including quantum information, condensed matter and atomic physics. They will be exposed to research in an academic and national lab setting. The results of this research will be disseminated through the significant outreach efforts of the Joint Quantum Institute that are focused on explaining to the public the importance of quantum phenomena in the world around them and for future technology.

这项研究将探索设计量子耗散的方法，使其变得有用而不是有问题。量子研究的大部分焦点都集中在纯保守系统上，尽可能不受环境影响。但是，耦合到耗散信道可以是重要和有用的，以消除熵，一个经典和量子信息处理的关键组成部分。任何现实的量子信息处理器都是一个开放的量子系统，需要对耗散进行控制和理解。这项研究将开发一种技术，利用耗散从一个自由度中去除熵，同时保留另一个自由度的量子态，这对量子计算至关重要。特别是，这项工作将集中在发展激光冷却原子而不破坏存储在核自旋中的量子信息的能力。研究人员将探索与量子光学类似的物质波，研究一个开放的量子系统，其中耗散来自简并气体的声子振动，而不是光子真空。被困在光学晶格中的原子将与另一种玻色凝聚体相互作用，并将能量耗散到凝聚体中的激发中，类似于原子通过自发发射将能量耗散到电磁真空的激发中。对由凝聚形成的储层的更大控制范围将允许对量子世界中的耗散有更大的理解和可能的控制。这项工作位于原子物理学、量子信息科学和凝聚态物理学的交叉点。开发工程耗散、理解和控制开放量子系统的方法，将与建立在量子力学基础上的几乎任何新技术应用相关，从完全实现的量子计算机到更适度的应用，如基于相干量子力学过程的传感器。实现量子信息处理的最大障碍之一是与环境的相互作用。研究生和本科生将接受最先进的光学技术培训，同时获得高真空、模拟、射频和数字电子以及基于计算机的数据采集方面的经验。他们将在一个环境中接触到各种各样的物理，包括量子信息、凝聚态物质和原子物理。他们将在学术和国家实验室环境中进行研究。这项研究的结果将通过联合量子研究所的重要外展努力传播，该研究所的重点是向公众解释量子现象在他们周围的世界和未来技术中的重要性。