Collaborative Research: Dynamical Processes in Semiconductor Nanowires in the Quantum Regime

****技术摘要****半导体纳米线是近年来兴起的一种新型材料，对提高人们对基础物理的理解和在器件物理中的新应用具有重要的潜力。该研究项目将汇集最先进的半导体纳米线生长，这些结构的建模和独特的激发光谱方面的专业知识，以促进对半导体纳米线的动力学特性的理解，其直径处于量子状态。该项目将：支持独特的径向和轴向纳米线异质结构的设计和生长；开发用于测量量子态及其相互作用的新光学工具；利用这些新工具研究量子状态下的纳米线异质结构；利用高局域电场来操纵和探测纳米线异质结构中的电子态；进行光学和输运测量；并探索这些纳米线异质结构中的自旋动力学。通过设计、生长和探测长度为5nm - 50nm的纳米线径向和轴向异质结构，我们将获得这些材料中真正的量子状态。研究生和本科生都将接受这些最先进技术的培训，这些技术为从学术界的研究和教育到技术最先进行业的应用开发研究等职业做好了极好的准备。本研究的总体目标是促进对量子体制下半导体纳米线动力学过程的理解。****非技术摘要****半导体纳米线是近年来出现的一种新型材料，对提高对基础物理的理解和在器件物理中的新应用具有重大潜力。该项目的研究将汇集最先进的半导体纳米线生长、这些结构的建模和实验方面的专业知识，这将促进对直径小于50纳米（人类头发直径的1/1000）的半导体纳米线的理解，在这个范围内，材料本身的大小与电子的波长相当。在设计合成材料以控制电子波函数的过程中，有望出现令人瞩目的现象和新的技术机遇。这些状态可以通过光学和输运测量来探测，通过使用高度局域化的电场、磁场和利用独特的纳米线异质结构。这项研究将特别针对这些材料中的自旋效应，在这些材料中，新物理和新技术都可能成为可能。研究生和本科生将接受最先进的光学和电子技术的培训，以观察单个纳米线。这种培训为从学术界的研究和教学到技术最先进的工业的应用开发的职业生涯提供了极好的准备。本研究的总体目标是促进对量子体制下半导体纳米线动力学过程的理解

****Technical Abstract****Semiconductor nanowires have recently emerged as a new class of materials with significant potential for the advancement of understanding of fundamental physics and for new applications in device physics. This research project will bring together expertise in state-of-the-art semiconductor nanowire growth, in modeling of these structures, and in unique excitation spectroscopies in order to advance the understanding of dynamical properties of semiconductor nanowires whose diameters are in the quantum regime. This project will: support the design and growth of unique radial and axial nanowire heterostructures; develop new optical tools for measurement of quantum states and their interactions; investigate nanowire heterostructures in the quantum regime utilizing these new tools; employ highly localized electric fields to manipulate and probe the electronic states in the nanowire heterostructures; carry out both optical and transport measurements; and explore spin dynamics in these nanowire heterostructures. By designing, growing, and probing nanowire radial and axial heterostructures with length scales from 5 nm - 50 nm, we will have access to the truly quantum regime in these materials. Both graduate and undergraduate students will be trained in these state-of-the-art techniques, which are an excellent preparation for careers ranging from research and education in academia, to applied development research in the most technologically advanced industries. The overall goal of this research is to advance the understanding of dynamical processes in semiconductor nanowires in the quantum regime.****Non-Technical Abstract****Semiconductor nanowires have recently emerged as a new class of materials with significant potential for the advancement of understanding of fundamental physics and for new applications in device physics. The research in this project will bring together expertise in state-of-the-art semiconductor nanowire growth, in modeling of these structures, and in experimental efforts that will advance the understanding of semiconductor nanowires whose diameters are less than 50 nm (1/1000 of the diameter of a human hair), a range where the materials themselves are comparable to the size of the wavelength of electrons. Remarkable phenomena and new technological opportunities are expected when synthetic materials can be designed so as to control the electron wavefunctions. These states can be probed using both optical and transport measurements by using highly localized electric fields, magnetic fields, and utilizing unique nanowire heterostructures. This research will be particularly directed towards the effect of spins in these materials where both new physics and new technologies may be enabled. Graduate and undergraduate students will be trained in state-of-the-art optical and electronic techniques for looking at single nanowires. Such training is excellent preparation for careers from research and teaching in academia to applied development in the most technologically advanced industries. The overall goal of this research is to advance the understanding of dynamical processes in semiconductor nanowires in the quantum regime