Fundamental Investigation and Development of Screw Dislocation-Driven Nanowire Growth

技术概述：该项目由固态和材料化学项目支持，旨在开发由螺位错驱动的一维（1D）纳米线材料的合理设计和合成，并研究其基本特性。纳米线和其他一维纳米材料具有有趣的特性，已经在纳米电子学、纳米光子学、太阳能转换、热电学和能量存储中得到了许多应用。宋晋教授和他的学生发现了一种完全不同于传统金属催化纳米线生长的纳米线生长机制，即轴向螺位错驱动各向异性一维晶体生长，使一维纳米结构得以形成。本项目将经典晶体生长理论与现代纳米材料合成相结合，专注于螺旋位错驱动纳米线生长的基础研究和发展，以扩展其在不同材料中的通用性，展示其在创建更复杂纳米结构方面的多功能性，扩大无溶液催化剂纳米线生长的规模，并了解位错驱动纳米线的物理性质。这种理解将为一维纳米材料的合理设计和合成创造一个新的维度，并使开发无催化剂生长机制成为可能，用于大规模/低成本的一维纳米材料的溶液生长，用于各种应用。非技术概述：纳米线和其他一维纳米材料在纳米电子学、纳米光子学、太阳能转换、热电学和储能方面有着重要的应用。宋晋教授和他的学生发现了一种不同的合成纳米线材料的方法，这种材料是由螺旋位错缺陷驱动的。这种新的纳米线生长机制将被进一步研究和发展，从而合理地利用其显著的优势，为一维纳米材料的合成开辟一个新的维度，特别是在大规模和低成本的溶液生长方面。拟议的研究可能对一维纳米材料的合理合成产生变革性影响，这将使这些材料的各种大规模应用成为可能，例如在可再生能源领域。此外，教育和推广将通过招募代表性不足的本科生参与纳米材料研究，通过开发纳米科学和纳米技术网络课程的新模块，以及通过进一步为高中学生和教师开发纳米科学研讨会，与该项目中的积极研究相结合。

TECHNICAL SUMMARY:This project supported by Solid State and Materials Chemistry Program seeks to develop the rational design and synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) nanowire materials whose growth is driven by screw dislocations and to investigate their fundamental characteristics. Nanowires and other 1D nanomaterials possess interesting properties that have already found many applications in nanoelectronics, nanophotonics, solar energy conversion, thermoelectrics, and energy storage. Professor Song Jin and his students had discovered a nanowire growth mechanism completely different from the traditional metal-catalyzed nanowire growth, in which axial screw dislocations drive the anisotropic 1D crystal growth and enable the formation of 1D nanostructures. Bridging classical crystal growth theories with modern nanomaterial synthesis, this project focuses on the fundamental investigation and development of screw dislocation-driven nanowire growth to extend its generality among diverse materials, demonstrate the versatility in creating more complex nanostructures, scale up the solution catalyst-free growth of nanowires, and understand the physical properties of dislocation-driven nanowires. This understanding will create a new dimension in the rational design and synthesis of 1D nanomaterials and enable exploitation of a catalyst-free growth mechanism for large scale/low cost solution growth of 1D nanomaterials for diverse applications. NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY:Nanowires and other one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials have significant applications in nanoelectronics, nanophotonics, solar energy conversion, thermoelectrics, and energy storage. Professor Song Jin and his students had discovered a different way of synthesizing nanowire materials that are driven by screw dislocation defects. This new mechanism of nanowire growth will be studied and further developed so that its significant advantages can be rationally exploited to open up a new dimension in the synthesis of 1D nanomaterials, especially for large scale and low cost solution growth. The proposed research can potentially have transformative impacts on the rational synthesis of 1D nanomaterials that will enable a variety of large scale applications of these materials, such as in renewable energy. Furthermore, education and outreach will be integrated with active research in this project by recruiting underrepresented undergraduate students to participate in nanomaterial research, by developing new modules for a web course on nanoscience and nanotechnology, and by further developing a nanoscience workshop for high school students and teachers.