Hydrogen in Lower Mantle Minerals

下地幔矿物中的氢

• 批准号: 1113369
• 负责人: Joseph Smyth
• 金额: $ 32.48万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-06-01 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1113369&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Hydrogen; Lower; Mantle; Minerals

Liquid water is essential to life, and the search for habitable planets within our solar system and elsewhere in the galaxy has come down to a search for planets on which liquid water can exist. Earth is a water planet, but how the Earth acquired its water is a subject of extensive debate, measurement, experiment, and theoretical calculation. We do not even have a solid constraint on how much water the Earth has, because the components of water, atoms of hydrogen and oxygen, are incorporated into the solid silicate minerals of the interior, and this water can be exchanged with the surface reservoir over the long stretch of geologic time. This is an experimental research project to measure the solubility of hydrogen in the solid, oxygen-based silicate minerals of the deep interior of the Earth in order to place some constraint on how much hydrogen the planet can harbor in this region which constitutes more than half the mass of the planet. This is a project to synthesize and characterize hydrous magnesium silicate and oxide phases thought to be stable in the lower transition zone and lower mantle at depths of 600 to 2900 km. The work is to be conducted in collaboration with scientists principally in Germany, but also in other EU countries and Japan. Synthesized high pressure minerals will be analyzed for crystal structure, chemical composition and hydrogen content. Measurements of elasticity will be made in order to constrain the effect of hydration on seismic velocity. The data obtained should permit a greater understanding of the crucial role of hydrogen in mantle dynamics and further constrain the amounts of hydrogen that may be stored in planetary interiors.

液态水对生命至关重要，在我们的太阳系和银河系其他地方寻找可居住的行星已经归结为寻找液态水可以存在的行星。地球是一个水行星，但地球如何获得水是一个广泛辩论、测量、实验和理论计算的主题。我们甚至没有一个坚实的限制地球有多少水，因为水的成分，氢原子和氧原子，被纳入固体硅酸盐矿物的内部，这些水可以交换与地表水库在漫长的地质时期。这是一个实验性研究项目，旨在测量氢在地球内部深处的固体含氧硅酸盐矿物中的溶解度，以便限制地球在该区域可以容纳多少氢，该区域占地球质量的一半以上。 这是一个合成和表征含水硅酸镁和氧化物相的项目，这些相被认为在600至2900公里深处的下过渡带和下地幔中稳定。这项工作将主要与德国的科学家合作进行，但也包括其他欧盟国家和日本的科学家。将对合成的高压矿物进行晶体结构、化学成分和氢含量分析。将进行弹性测量，以限制水化作用对地震速度的影响。所获得的数据应该允许更好地了解氢在地幔动力学中的关键作用，并进一步限制可能储存在行星内部的氢的数量。