Public Response to Alerts and Warnings Using Social Media and Associated Privacy Considerations: Current Knowledge and Research Needs

危机是复杂和动态的事件，公众需要关于事件的准确、及时的信息以及他们应该采取什么行动。警报用于指示已经发生或可能发生的重大事件。警告通常在警报之后，提供更详细的信息。2006年的预警、警报和反应网络（WARN）法案建立了一个使用无线通信的国家系统。从那以后，社交媒体成为了一种新的警报媒介。社交方面利用了人们对他们关系的信任，通常被认为比大规模警报或新闻报道更可信。社交媒体的使用引发了隐私问题，因为他们很容易被监控，尽管社交媒体对隐私有一定的期望。虽然警报和警告问题已被广泛研究，社交媒体一直是计算机科学和社会科学的研究主题，但对使用社交媒体进行国家警报和相关隐私考虑的了解相对较少。更全面地了解隐私问题和社会警报系统的其他方面，将是美国国家科学院（National Academy of Sciences）两个研讨会的重点。这将有助于理解当前和新兴的研究问题和关键需求。新出现的利益相关者也将被确定并参与。讲习班摘要将公开提供，并广泛分发给应急管理人员以及有关研究界。

Crises are complex and dynamic events in which the members of the public need accurate, timely information about the event and what actions they should be taking. Alerts are used to indicate that something significant has happened or may happen. Warnings, which typically follow alerts, provide more detailed information. The Warning, Alert, and Response Network (WARN) Act of 2006 established a national system using wireless communications. Since then, social media have emerged as a new medium for alerts. The social aspect leverages the trust people place in their connections and ae often viewed as more credible than a mass alert or news report. Use of social media by other than social contacts raises privacy issues, since they can be readily monitored, even though the social media have certain privacy expectations. Although alert and warning issues have been extensively studied and social media have been the subject of research in computer science and the social sciences, relatively little is known about the use of social media for national alerts and associated privacy considerations. Developing a fuller understanding of the privacy issues and other aspects of social alert systems will be the focus of two workshops at the National Academy of Sciences. This will support an understanding of current and emerging research issues and key needs. Emerging stakeholders will also be identified and participate. Workshop summaries will be made publicly available and disseminated broadly to emergency managers, as well as to the relevant research communities.