Depicting Innovations in Information Technology

生产信息技术的行业的成功及其产品和服务在人们中的普及？人们的日常生活常常掩盖了工业界、政府和学术界在进行信息技术研究及其转化为新产品、服务和产业方面所起的相互加强的作用。这个由美国国家科学院（National Academy of Sciences）发起的项目将捕捉并向公众展示一些现象，如政府资助的大学研究在多大程度上建立了产业基础、研究转化为主要产业活动有时需要很长的孵化期、从最初的探索到大规模商业部署所需的稳定工作和资金、不同子领域的研究进展之间的相互依赖性、以及IT研究生态的复杂性。由于新的主要IT行业定期出现，并且由于我们对关键行业及其前身的理解在不断发展，因此本项目将提供的定期更新将确保包含尖端产品和服务的当前图景在持续的基础上可用。美国国家科学院对这些现象的早期描述在向国会工作人员和其他决策者的报告中被反复使用，在研究界被广泛讨论，并被用于经济和政策分析。这个计划将为决策者、研究人员和公众提供有用的资源，让他们了解资讯科技研究的结构，以及业界、学术界和政府在创新和创造资讯科技产品、服务和产业方面的角色。

The very success of the industries that produce information technology and the pervasiveness of their products and services in people?s daily lives frequently obscure the mutually reinforcingroles that industry, government, and academia play in conducting IT research and its translation into new products, services, and industries. This project through the National Academy of Sciences will capture and present for a general audience such phenomena as how much industry builds on government-funded university research, the long incubation periods sometimes needed for research to be translated into major industry activities, the steady work and funding required to get from initial exploration to large-scale commercial deployment, the interdependencies between research advances in different subfields, and the complex nature of the IT research ecology. Because new major IT industries appear on a regular basis and because our understanding of the key industries and their antecedents continues to evolve, the regular updates that this project will provide will ensure that a current picture that includes cutting-edge products and services is available on an ongoing basis. Earlier depictions by the National Academies of these phenomena figure have been used repeatedly in presentations to congressional staff and other decision makers, have been discussed broadly in the research community, and have been used in economic and policy analyses. This project will provide a useful resource to decision makers, researchers, and the general public on the structure of IT research and the roles of industry, academia, and government in innovation and the creation of IT products, services, and industries.