Collaborative Research: Deconstructing the temperature-size rule: an integration of mechanistic and selection analyses

合作研究：解构温度-尺寸规则：机械分析和选择分析的结合

• 批准号: 1120500
• 负责人: Joel Kingsolver
• 金额: $ 47.93万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-01 至 2017-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1120500&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Deconstructing; temperature; size

One of the most common patterns of phenotypic plasticity in biology is the Temperature-Size Rule: many insects, reptiles, amphibians and other organisms raised at higher environmental temperatures are smaller as adults. Is this pattern an adaptation?is smaller better at higher temperatures?or an inevitable consequence of the effects of temperature on physiology and development? Recent studies with two agricultural pests, Tobacco Hornworms and Imported Cabbageworms, show that both larval (caterpillar) nutrition and rapid evolution can reverse the Temperature-Size Rule, leading to larger adults at higher rearing temperatures. These exceptions to the rule provide a unique opportunity to understand the developmental mechanisms and selective causes of this widespread pattern of phenotypic plasticity. The proposed studies integrate laboratory and field experiments with mathematical models to explore how larval nutrition, oxygen limitation, hormonal regulation, and natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) interact to generate the Temperature-Size Rule and its exceptions. These studies will provide a new mechanistic and evolutionary understanding of how plant quality, climate and seasonal weather interact to determine body size and ecological success in Tobacco Hornworms and Imported Cabbageworms, two important agricultural pests in the US. Research and training opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students at UNC and Duke, and outreach via Public Television, the North Carolina Museum of Life and Science, and the San Francisco Exploratorium, are integral components of the project. In addition, a citizen science program for Imported Cabbageworms (i.e., Cabbage White Butterflies) will be developed that involves community gardeners and organic farmers in North Carolina and other states.

生物学中最常见的表型可塑性模式之一是温度-大小规则：许多昆虫，爬行动物，两栖动物和其他在较高环境温度下长大的生物成年后较小。 这种模式是一种适应吗？在高温下越小越好吗？还是温度对生理和发育影响的必然结果？ 最近对两种农业害虫烟草角虫和进口卷心菜虫的研究表明，幼虫（毛虫）营养和快速进化都可以逆转温度-大小规则，导致在较高的饲养温度下更大的成虫。 这些例外的规则提供了一个独特的机会，了解这种广泛的模式的表型可塑性的发展机制和选择性的原因。 拟议的研究将实验室和现场实验与数学模型相结合，以探索幼虫营养，氧气限制，激素调节和天敌（捕食者和寄生虫）如何相互作用，以产生温度大小规则及其例外。 这些研究将为植物质量、气候和季节性天气如何相互作用，以确定美国两种重要的农业害虫烟草角虫和进口卷心菜虫的体型和生态成功提供新的机制和进化理解。 该项目的组成部分包括：为杜克大学和杜克大学的本科生和研究生提供研究和培训机会，以及通过公共电视台、北卡罗来纳州生命和科学博物馆和旧金山弗朗西斯科探索馆进行宣传。 此外，一个针对进口卷心菜虫的公民科学计划（即，卷心菜白色蝴蝶）将被开发，涉及社区园丁和有机农民在北卡罗来纳州和其他国家。