Helioseismic Analyses of Subsurface Flows Associated with Flaring and Quiescent Active Regions

首席研究员（PI）团队将评估太阳次表面质量流与太阳活动区耀斑和日冕物质抛射（CME）产生之间的关系。为了实现这一目标，该小组将利用当地日震学技术来探测在太阳表面观测到的磁场下的物质流，这可能与爆发事件有关。PI的团队将确定与喷发耀斑相关的活动区域和静止活动区域之间的地下流动差异，验证他们检测到的地下流动的可靠性，通过将观察到的流动与模型预测的流动进行比较，将地下流动和耀斑生产力联系起来，并独立评估和潜在地改进最近由其他研究人员提出的基于地下动力螺旋度的耀斑预报指数。该团队的理论预测将导致改善对地下流动之间关系的物理理解，以及CME爆发和耀斑爆发太阳活动区的磁性。这项工作的更广泛影响将来自使太阳耀斑和CME预测更加准确，从而直接造福社会。这项研究可能导致准确预测耀斑和CME发生的能力，并发出长达数天的警告。

The Principal Investigator's (PI's) team will assess the relationship between solar subsurface mass flows and the production of flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from solar active regions. To accomplish this, the team will utilize local helioseismology techniques to probe the mass flows beneath magnetic fields observed at the surface of the Sun which may be associated with eruptive events. The PI's team will determine differences in the subsurface flows between active regions associated with eruptive flares and quiescent active regions, validate the reliability of the subsurface flows that they detect, link subsurface flows and flare productivity through comparisons of observed flows with those predicted by models, and independently assess and potentially improve subsurface kinetic-helicity-based flare forecasting indices recently proposed by other researchers. This team's theoretical predictions will lead to improved physical understanding of the relationship between subsurface flows, as well as and the magnetic properties of CME-eruptive and flare-eruptive solar active regions. The broader impacts of this work will come from making solar flare and CME forecasting more accurate, thereby directly benefitting society. This study could lead to the ability to accurately predict the occurrence of flares and CMEs with up to several days warning.