Proposal for a Workshop on Basic Research at the Intersection of Marine/Hydrokinetic Energy and the Aquatic Environment

海洋和水动力能源（MKE）通过利用自然水流发电，而不使用水坝、导流结构或蓄水。它被定义为来自海浪、潮汐、洋流和海洋、河口和潮汐区的温差，以及来自河流、湖泊、溪流和人工河道中自由流动的水的电能。海洋和水动能有潜力提供美国近10%的电力需求。然而，无论是在一般的科学、工程、社会经济和生态原则方面，还是在特定地点的情况下，海洋和水动能的潜在环境影响都远没有得到很好的理解。该项目的目标是通过研讨会将一组专家聚集在一起，以：(1)确定海洋/水动能与环境界面的主要研究挑战和机遇，以及(2)在主要研究人员之间建立协同效应，形成多学科研究小组，以便更好地进行能源和环境方面的端到端研究。受邀者将包括学术机构、国家研究实验室和联邦机构的研究人员，以促进跨机构的互动。研讨会的主题涵盖海洋、河口和河流中MHK能源的物理、工程和经济方面的各个方面，包括：近海MHK养殖场对海浪和海底地貌的影响，能源装置对水动力、波浪传播和湍流的影响，对沉积物输送和河流形态动力学的影响，以及生态系统变化和权衡的评估，包括河流生物学和生物地球化学的改变，以及对鱼类运动和迁徙的影响。工程方面的涡轮尺寸和集群布置也将在上述方面进行研究。随着海洋和水动力能源技术的快速发展，以及新许可证的压力越来越大，加速研究，在不损害环境的情况下，为可再生能源利用水的自然力量提供科学理解，成为当务之急，因此这次研讨会非常及时。25岁左右？将邀请30名具有流体力学、波浪传播、地貌学、沉积物运输、水文学、水生生物学、营养物质运输、生物地球化学和海洋工程专业知识的科学家，寻求高级和初级研究人员、性别和代表性不足群体之间的平衡。此外，还将邀请一位向公众传播科学和科学教育的专家参加。与会者将被邀请介绍他们最近的工作，以及他们对未来研究机会和挑战的看法。鼓励学生和博士后参加，并提供旅费。除演讲外，会议亦会安排专题小组讨论，并就香港能源及环境研究的现状及未来需要，作出最新的总结。

Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy (MKE) generates power by harnessing the natural flow of water without using a dam, a diversionary structure, or an impoundment. It is defined as electrical energy from waves, tides, currents and temperature differentials in oceans, estuaries, and tidal areas, as well as from free flowing water in rivers, lakes, streams and man-made channels. Marine and hydrokinetic energy has the potential to provide almost 10% of the US electricity demands. However, the potential environmental effects of marine and hydrokinetic energy are far from well understood, both in general scientific, engineering, socio-economic, and ecological principles and in site-specific cases. The objective of this project is to bring together a group of experts via a workshop to: (1) lay down the major research challenges and opportunities at the interface of marine/hydrokinetic energy and the environment, and (2) to create synergies among principal investigators towards forming multi-disciplinary research groups that can better undertake end-to-end research in energy and the environment. Invitees will include researchers in academic institutions, National Research Laboratories, and Federal agencies to foster across-agency interactions. Topics to be covered in the workshop span the full spectrum of physical-engineering-economic aspects of MHK energy in oceans, estuaries and rivers including: impact of offshore MHK farms on ocean waves and seabed geomorphology, impact of energy devices on hydrodynamics, wave propagation and turbulence, impact on sediment transport and stream morphodynamics, and evaluation of ecosystem changes and trade-offs including alteration of stream biology and bio-geochemistry as well as impacts on fish movement and migration,. Engineering aspects of turbine size and cluster arrangement on the above aspects will also be studied. As marine and hydrokinetic energy technology develops at a fast pace and as the pressure for new licenses piles up, accelerated research in providing the scientific understanding of harnessing the natural power of water for renewable energy without harming the environment becomes a priority and thus this workshop is very timely. About 25 ? 30 scientists with expertise in fluid mechanics, wave propagation, geomorphology, sediment transport, hydrology, aquatic biology, nutrient transport, bio-geochemistry, and ocean engineering will be invited, seeking a balance between senior and junior investigators, gender and underrepresented groups. Also, an expert in communicating science to the public and science education will be invited to participate. Participants will be invited to give a presentation of their recent work as well as their perspectives on research opportunities and challenges that lie ahead. Students and post-docs will be encouraged to attend and will be provided with travel funds. In addition to presentations, focus groups will be created to discuss specific topics and to contribute to a state-of -the-art summary on MHK energy and the environment research status and future needs.