Collaborative Research: The Effect of Near-Equatorial Islands on Climate

合作研究：近赤道岛屿对气候的影响

• 批准号: 1136480
• 负责人: Kerry Emanuel
• 金额: $ 27.4万
• 依托单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1136480&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Effect; Near; Equatorial

This project will examine the effect of near-equatorial islands on climate. A series of experiments, first with a simple, two-dimensional model without the effects of rotation, and then with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology General Circulation Model (MIT-GCM) will be carried out to examine the effects of islands on the distribution of rainfall, the resulting wind field, and hence on large-scale circulation. Experiments with the MIT-GCM will be carried out with simplified geometries that include barriers of negligible width to ocean circulation, but not atmospheric, circulation and with different numbers, distributions, lateral dimensions, and elevations of tropical islands in order to seek scaling relationships between these measures of island extent and the response of the atmosphere and ocean. The goals are two-fold: First, could the growth of islands to build the Maritime Continent have altered atmospheric circulation sufficiently to change the sea-surface temperature distribution in the equatorial Pacific from one resembling a permanent El Niño-like state to its present mean weak La Niña-like state? Second, can parameterizations be derived for the effects of islands on tropical precipitation and ascent that allow GCMs to include the effects of islands that are too small to be resolved in such global models? The broader impacts are high: if islands do play a major role in climate, this study will yield parameterizations that will be useful for including the effects of small islands in model simulations. In addition this work will support a graduate student. .

这个项目将研究近赤道岛屿对气候的影响。将进行一系列实验，首先是一个简单的二维模型，没有旋转的影响，然后是麻省理工学院的一般环流模型（MIT-GCM），以检验岛屿对降雨分布的影响，由此产生的风场，从而对大尺度环流的影响。MIT-GCM的实验将以简化的几何形状进行，其中包括对海洋环流可忽略不计的宽度的屏障，但不包括大气环流，以及热带岛屿的不同数量、分布、横向尺寸和海拔，以寻求这些岛屿范围测量与大气和海洋响应之间的比例关系。其目标有两个：首先，建造海洋大陆的岛屿的增长是否足以改变大气环流，从而将赤道太平洋的海面温度分布从类似于永久的El Niño-like状态改变为目前平均较弱的La Niña-like状态？其次，是否可以推导出岛屿对热带降水和上升的影响的参数化，使gcm能够包括太小而无法在这种全球模式中解决的岛屿的影响？更广泛的影响是很大的：如果岛屿确实在气候中起主要作用，这项研究将产生参数化，这将有助于在模式模拟中包括小岛屿的影响。此外，这项工作将支持一名研究生。