RAPID: Disasters, Resilience, and Vulnerability of Fishing Communities in Post-Tsunami Japan

RAPID：日本海啸后渔业社区的灾难、恢复力和脆弱性

• 批准号: 1137856
• 负责人: Bonnie McCay
• 金额: $ 2.49万
• 依托单位: Rutgers University New Brunswick
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-06-15 至 2012-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1137856&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Disasters; Resilience; Vulnerability; Fishing

Dr. Bonnie J McKay (Rutgers University) and Dr. Satsuki Takahashi (Institute of Social Science, University of Tokyo) will undertake joint research on the rebuilding efforts in Japanese coastal fishing towns damaged by the recent earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear power crisis. The focus of the research will be on how combined natural and human disasters affect community responses. Previous research on the relationships between disasters, vulnerability, and resilience have led in different directions, depending on whether the disasters are understood as caused by human or natural agency. In these accounts, natural disasters encourage communities to work together to develop better systems in the future, while human-made problems, such as air and water pollution, disproportionally affect vulnerable communities and limit their ability to rebuild. Building upon and contributing to social scientific theories on resilience, vulnerability, and nature-culture relationships, this project will investigate the cultural and political outcomes of dual (natural and human-caused) disasters. The research will comprise historical and ethnographic fieldwork, including archival research, open-ended and semi-structured interviews, and participant observation, in two Japanese fishing towns for which the researchers have baseline data.This research is being supported through NSF's Rapid Response Research (RAPID) program, which is used for projects having severe urgency with regard to availability of or access to data, facilities or specialized equipment, including quick-response research on natural or anthropogenic disasters and similar unanticipated events. By addressing the responses in coastal Japan over five months shortly after the disaster, with follow-up research several months later, this project will be sensitive to any changes that may occur as time passes. It will investigate early and middle-term responses to the extraordinary disaster as a way to shed light on the complex relationships among "natural" and "human" hazards, resilience, and vulnerability, offering important lessons for researchers and policymakers.

Bonnie J McKay博士（罗格斯大学）和Satsuki Takahashi博士（东京大学社会科学研究所）将共同研究最近遭受地震，海啸和核电危机破坏的日本沿海渔村的重建工作。研究的重点将是自然灾害和人为灾害如何影响社区的反应。先前关于灾害、脆弱性和复原力之间关系的研究，根据灾害是由人为还是自然机构造成，导致了不同的方向。在这些报告中，自然灾害鼓励社区共同努力，在未来发展更好的系统，而人为的问题，如空气和水污染，则对脆弱社区产生不利影响，并限制其重建能力。该项目以关于复原力、脆弱性和自然-文化关系的社会科学理论为基础，并为之做出贡献，将调查双重（自然和人为）灾害的文化和政治后果。该研究将包括历史和人种学的实地考察，包括档案研究、开放式和半结构化访谈以及参与者观察，研究人员在两个日本渔村进行基线数据。该研究得到了NSF快速反应研究（RAPID）计划的支持，该计划用于在数据可用性或访问方面具有严重紧迫性的项目，设施或专门设备，包括对自然或人为灾害和类似意外事件的快速反应研究。通过在灾难发生后不久的五个月内处理日本沿海地区的反应，并在几个月后进行后续研究，该项目将对随着时间的推移可能发生的任何变化保持敏感。它将调查对这场特大灾害的早期和中期应对措施，以揭示“自然”和“人类”灾害、复原力和脆弱性之间的复杂关系，为研究人员和政策制定者提供重要的经验教训。