RAPID: Liquefaction and Its Effects on Buildings and Lifelines in the February 22, 2011 Christchurch, New Zealand Earthquake

RAPID：2011 年 2 月 22 日新西兰基督城地震中的液化及其对建筑物和生命线的影响

• 批准号: 1137977
• 负责人: Jonathan Bray
• 金额: $ 9.96万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-07-01 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1137977&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Liquefaction; Its; Effects; Buildings

This Grant for Rapid Response Research (RAPID) award provides funding to investigate the effects of liquefaction on the built environment during the 22 February 2011, Mw=6.1 Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquake and the 4 September 2010, Mw=7.0 Darfield, New Zealand, earthquake with the goal of capturing perishable data that would lead to the development of enhanced analytical procedures for evaluating the hazard holistically. The intense ground shaking and resulting soil liquefaction from the Christchurch earthquake damaged many buildings, lifelines, and engineered systems. The Central Business District (CBD) of Christchurch is still in ruins. The 22 February event is particularly meaningful, because it occurred just 5 months after the Darfield earthquake, the epicenter of which was approximately 40 km from the CBD. Whereas the 22 February event killed almost two hundred people, the September event resulted in no deaths. Additionally, although the 4 September event caused widespread liquefaction-induced damage in the Christchurch area, it did not produce significant liquefaction-induced damage within the CBD. There is much to learn from comparing the different levels of soil liquefaction from these two earthquakes and from evaluating the differing seismic performance of buildings, lifelines, and engineered systems during these two earthquakes. It is extremely rare to have the opportunity to learn how the same ground and infrastructure responded to two significant earthquakes. The magnitude and distances of these two earthquakes are two of the scenarios often considered in US cities. Capturing details of lateral spreads and the impacts of liquefaction on well-built structures, such as office buildings and their interconnecting buried utilities, are critically important. Understanding how local geologic conditions influenced the observed damage patterns is also important. Field reconnaissance is focusing on capturing perishable data and characterizing the subsurface conditions through: (1) trenching of liquefaction features, (2) performing dynamic cone penetration tests, and (3) measuring shear wave velocities (Vs).The effects of soil liquefaction on the built environment in the Christhurch area were pervasive. The New Zealand building code is similar to that used in the U.S., and with much recent construction, there is much that can be learned that is directly applicable to seismic regions across the U.S. This study is being coordinated through the Geoengineering Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER) Association and in collaboration with the Univ. of Canterbury and the New Zealand government. Documenting and learning from observations after design level earthquakes are invaluable to advancing the state-of-practice in earthquake engineering. Surveying the re-occurrence of liquefaction, documenting cases of liquefaction-induced ground movements, and evaluating the effects of liquefaction on buildings and lifelines provide invaluable information that will serve as benchmarks to the profession's understanding of the effects of earthquakes. These earthquakes involve also multi-hazard effects. The combined settlement caused by liquefaction during both earthquakes has exposed many Christchurch neighborhoods to increased threats from river and ocean flooding, including tsunami. Collection of data on liquefaction-induced ground movement will form the basis for flood risk assessment as well as earthquake vulnerability. The study combines the efforts of several leading researchers to examine the effects of liquefaction holistically. The team also includes a junior faculty member and graduate students who are in the early stages of their careers, so it will help develop their capabilities in earthquake engineering and allow them to establish research contacts in New Zealand.

这项授予快速响应研究的赠款（快速）奖提供了资金，以调查液化对建筑环境的影响2011年2月22日，MW = 6.1基督城，新西兰，地震，地震和2010年9月4日，MW = 7.0新西兰Darfield，地震，具有捕获可侵蚀性数据的目标，以增强分析程序的危险范围。 克赖斯特彻奇地震的强烈地面摇动和由此产生的土壤液化损害了许多建筑物，寿命和工程系统。 基督城的中央商务区（CBD）仍在废墟中。 2月22日的活动特别有意义，因为它发生在达菲尔德地震发生仅5个月后，距离CBD大约40公里的中心。 尽管2月22日的活动丧生了近200人，而9月的活动没有死亡。此外，尽管9月4日的事件在基督城地区造成了广泛的液化诱导的损害，但它并未在CBD内造成大量液化引起的损害。 通过比较这两次地震的土壤液化水平的不同水平，以及评估这两次地震期间建筑物，寿命和工程系统的不同地震性能，可以学到很多东西。 有机会了解相同的地面和基础设施如何应对两次重大地震是极为罕见的。 这两次地震的大小和距离是美国城市经常考虑的两个场景。 捕获横向差的细节以及液化对精心设计的结构的影响，例如办公楼及其相互联系的掩埋公用事业，至关重要。 了解当地地质条件如何影响观察到的损害模式也很重要。 现场侦察集中在捕获可腐烂的数据上，并通过以下方式表征地下条件：（1）液化特征的挖沟，（2）执行动态锥体渗透测试，（3）测量剪切波速度（VS）。新西兰建筑法规与美国使用的规范相似，并且随着最近的建设，可以学到很多直接适用于美国的地震地区，这项研究通过地球工程极限事件侦察（GEER）协会（GEER）协会以及与UNIV合作进行了协调。坎特伯雷和新西兰政府。 在设计水平地震后记录和学习，对于推进地震工程的实践效果非常宝贵。 调查液化的重新出现，记录液化引起的地面运动的病例，并评估液化对建筑物和寿命的影响提供了宝贵的信息，这些信息将作为该行业对地震影响的理解的基准。 这些地震还涉及多危险的影响。 两次地震期间由液化引起的综合定居点使许多基督城社区暴露了包括海啸在内的河流和海洋洪水的威胁。 收集有关液化引起的地面运动的数据将构成洪水风险评估以及地震脆弱性的基础。 该研究结合了几位主要研究人员在整体上检查液化作用的努力。 该团队还包括处于职业生涯初期的初级教师和研究生，因此它将有助于发展他们在地震工程中的能力，并允许他们在新西兰建立研究联系。